Radiation Safety

Valković, V.

doi:10.1016/b978-044482954-2.50006-x

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…The nervous system and kidneys are the primary targets of lead toxicity, as toxicity increases in the nervous system [ 9 ]. Cadmium was, until the beginning of the 20th century, something new, but today it is used in many industries and its waste or residue is a major source of environmental pollution and causes lung problems [ 10 ]. Cadmium can induce miscarriage during the development of the fetus [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha particle rates and heavy metal concentrations in cosmetics available in the Najaf markets

Almayahi

2021

Heliyon

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This study focuses to measure the emission of alpha particle rates (EAPR) and heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Co) (HMC) in some cosmetics (kohl eye, compact powder, and lipsticks) from Najaf markets using CR39 Detectors and Spectrophotometry, respectively. The EAPR range from 0.0068 to 0.0499 mBq cm À2 . The mean concentration of HMC in cosmetics ranged from 0.0007 to 0.0339 ppm (Cd), 0.0002-0.0986 ppm (Pb), 0.0350-9.7786 ppm (Zn), 0.0001-0.0058 ppm (Cr), 0.0011-0.1510 ppm (Co). The concentrations of Cr and Co were below the recommended limit for skin protection (1 ppm), whereas Cd and Pb were below the Canadian recommended limit. This study concludes that the HMC and EAPR in the cosmetics were within the recommended limits. The mean HMC contents were arranged in the order: Zn > Pb > Cd > Co > Cr for lipsticks; Zn > Co > Pb > Cd > Cr for powder; Zn > Co > Pb > Cd > Cr for Kohl. A statistically significant correlation (SSC) between HMC and EAPR in cosmetics was found at the 0.05 level. All the various cosmetics brands that contained HMC levels were lower than EPA limits (1 ppm and 0.3ppm, respectively), except the Zn. The cumulative exposure to HMC in cosmetics because of prolonged use is a possible source of HMC toxicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha particle rates and heavy metal concentrations in cosmetics available in the Najaf markets

Almayahi

2021

Heliyon

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Recent Trends in Advanced Radiation Shielding Concrete for Construction of Facilities: Materials and Properties

et al. 2022

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Nuclear energy offers a wide range of applications, which include power generation, X-ray imaging, and non-destructive tests, in many economic sectors. However, such applications come with the risk of harmful radiation, thereby requiring shielding to prevent harmful effects on the surrounding environment and users. Concrete has long been used as part of structures in nuclear power plants, X-ray imaging rooms, and radioactive storage. The direction of recent research is headed toward concrete’s ability in attenuating harmful energy radiated from nuclear sources through various alterations to its composition. Radiation shielding concrete (RSC) is a composite-based concrete that was developed in the last few years with heavy natural aggregates such as magnetite or barites. RSC is deemed a superior alternative to many types of traditional normal concrete in terms of shielding against the harmful radiation, and being economical and moldable. Given the merits of RSCs, this article presents a comprehensive review on the subject, considering the classifications, alternative materials, design additives, and type of heavy aggregates used. This literature review also provides critical reviews on RSC performance in terms of radiation shielding characteristics, mechanical strength, and durability. In addition, this work extensively reviews the trends of development research toward a broad understanding of the application possibilities of RSC as an advanced concrete product for producing a robust and green concrete composite for the construction of radiation shielding facilities as a better solution for protection from sources of radiation. Furthermore, this critical review provides a view of the progress made on RSCs and proposes avenues for future research on this hotspot research topic.

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Radiation Safety

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Alpha particle rates and heavy metal concentrations in cosmetics available in the Najaf markets

Alpha particle rates and heavy metal concentrations in cosmetics available in the Najaf markets

Recent Trends in Advanced Radiation Shielding Concrete for Construction of Facilities: Materials and Properties

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