Radiation resistant polymer–carbon nanotube nanocomposite thin films

Najafi, Ebrahim; Shin, Kwanwoo

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.10.076

Cited by 60 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Exposure of nano-doped polymers to UV light was studied by Nguyen et al (2012), where amine-cured epoxies doped with either SiO 2 NP or MWCNT exposed to realistic environmental conditions (50°C, 75% relative humidity) showed variable mass losses created by photooxidative chain scission. The same behavior was observed with other polymer composites (see Najafi and Shin for instance (Najafi and Shin, 2005)). In such configurations, induced aging proceeds via oxidation on the surface layers of the composite material, which eventually erodes.…”

Section: Plastics and Polymerssupporting

confidence: 75%

Review of nanomaterial aging and transformations through the life cycle of nano-enhanced products

Mitrano

Motellier

Clavaguera

et al. 2015

Environment International

351

243

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In the context of assessing potential risks of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), life cycle thinking can represent a holistic view on the impacts of ENPs through the entire value chain of nano-enhanced products from production, through use, and finally to disposal. Exposure to ENPs in consumer or environmental settings may either be to the original, pristine ENPs, or more likely, to ENPs that have been incorporated into products, released, aged and transformed. Here, key product-use related aging and transformation processes affecting ENPs are reviewed. The focus is on processes resulting in ENP release and on the transformation(s) the released particles undergo in the use and disposal phases of its product life cycle for several nanomaterials (Ag, ZnO, TiO2, carbon nanotubes, CeO2, SiO2 etc.). These include photochemical transformations, oxidation and reduction, dissolution, precipitation, adsorption and desorption, combustion, abrasion and biotransformation, among other biogeochemical processes. To date, few studies have tried to establish what changes the ENPs undergo when they are incorporated into, and released from, products. As a result there is major uncertainty as to the state of many ENPs following their release because much of current testing on pristine ENPs may not be fully relevant for risk assessment purposes. The goal of this present review is therefore to use knowledge on the life cycle of nano-products to derive possible transformations common ENPs in nano-products may undergo based on how these products will be used by the consumer and eventually discarded. By determining specific gaps in knowledge of the ENP transformation process, this approach should prove useful in narrowing the number of physical experiments that need to be conducted and illuminate where more focused effort can be placed.

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Section: Plastics and Polymerssupporting

confidence: 75%

Review of nanomaterial aging and transformations through the life cycle of nano-enhanced products

Mitrano

Motellier

Clavaguera

et al. 2015

Environment International

351

243

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition, CNT networks can effectively disperse the radiation. The wear rate was reduced by a factor of 5.5 when the friction behaviour of MWCNTs epoxy polymer was studied [42][43]. As for the ceramic nanofillers, nano titanium dioxide in rutile form proved to be very effective on absorbing wavelengths below 350 nm and thus operating as a pacifier for isocyanate based acrylic coatings [44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nanofillers on the properties of a state of the art epoxy gelcoat

Karapappas¹,

Tsotra²,

Scobbie³

2011

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. In this work, the effect of the inclusion of electrically conductive and non-conductive nanofillers in a state of the art epoxy gelcoat was studied. The conductive fillers used were multi-wall carbon nanotubes and exfoliated nanographite. The non-conductive ones were nanoclay and nano-titanium dioxide. The content of the nanofillers was 0.65% per weight and their inclusion took place using high shear mixing devices. The conductive fillers showed an increase in tensile and fracture properties, as well as in the thermal properties whereas the non-conductive fillers did not show any improvement on the fracture properties. The glass transition temperature was practically unaffected by the presence of the nanofillers while conversly, the coefficient of thermal expansion was decreased for all the nanofillers for temperatures above the glass transition temperature. Finally, weatherometer tests showed that the nanofillers contribute into less weight losses in comparison with the reference epoxy gelcoat.

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“…These particles can act as a barrier to retard the degradation of the underlying materials. Besides, previous studies [11,12] showed that CNT networks embedded in polymer matrix can effectively disperse and dissipate the energy deposited by ionizing radiation and have a reinforcement effect on the radiation protection with nanotube loadings of less than 1 wt]. This may be explained via two possible mechanisms: the radiation sink action of CNT networks, and radical scavengers [11,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%