Radiation Protection of<i>Shigella Flexneri</i>Y6R by Ethanol, β-mercaptoethanol and Several Polyhydric Alcohols

Wa, Cramp

doi:10.1080/09553006914550401

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…[12]. It seems reason able to assume that products of water radiolysis do contribute to cell death and that the major damaging species is the hydroxyl radical ("OH) since the rates of reaction of various radioprotectors with *0H correlate with the magnitude of their protective effect [107,390,396]. Although the involvement of the hydroxyl radical has generally been accepted, the assignment of the fraction of radiation damage to a specific percentage remains debatable [99], A class of compounds whose protective action is generally accepted as involving radical scavenging is that of the aliphatic alcohols, including methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol.…”

Section: A Free Radical Scavengingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these reactive compounds are produced during the irradi ation of cells and tissues, one may refer to radiation as produciny oxidative stress. Whereas acutely lethal effects of radiation may be mediated to a large degree by the indiscriminate and highly reactive hydroxyl radica 1 {"OH) [107,396], other oxidants may also contribute to both acute and delayed effects. Perhaps as a result of the involvement in certain reactions of intermediary metabolism, cells have developed enzymes to provide protec tion against certain oxidants.…”

Section: Enhanced Protection From "Oxidative Stress'mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical protection against ionizing radiation. Final report

Livesey¹,

Reed²,

Adamson³

1984

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Section II reviews the contributions of various natural factors which influence the inherent radiosensitivity of biological systems. Included in the list of these factors are water, oxygen, thiols, vitamins and antioxi-«• dants. Brief attention is given to the model describing competition between oxygen and natural radioprotective substances (principally, thiols) in deter mining the net cellular radiosensitivity. Several theories of the mechanism(s) of action of radioprotective drugs are described in Section III. These mechanisms include the production of hypoxia, detoxication of radiochemical reactive species, stabilization of the radiobiological target and the enhancement of damage repair processes. Section IV describes the current strategies for the treatment of radiation injury. Likely areas in which fruitful research might be performed are described in Section V. Appendices are devoted to lists of currently-funded research projects involving chemical radiation protection and a brief compendium of compounds which have been tested for radioprotective activity.

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Section: A Free Radical Scavengingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enhanced Protection From "Oxidative Stress'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical protection against ionizing radiation. Final report

Livesey¹,

Reed²,

Adamson³

1984

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Low concentrations of ethanol during irradiation drastically reduce DNA damage caused by very high doses of ionizing radiation

Singh

Apte

2018

J Biosci

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Presence of low concentrations (1-2%) of ethanol during irradiation exhibited significant protection against DNA damage caused by very high doses (2-12 kGy) of 60 Co-gamma-rays in vitro. Radiation-induced DNA damage was substantially reduced in different types of DNA molecules (chromosomal DNA from Anabaena 7120 or Deinococcus radiodurans or bacteriophage Lambda, and plasmid pBluescript DNA) when irradiated in the presence of ethanol, thus indicating the generic nature of ethanol protection. The radioprotection appeared to be a consequence of the well known ability of ethanol to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. Addition of ethanol during 6 kGy irradiation also reduced DNA damage in vivo and improved post-irradiation growth recovery of Anabaena 7120 cultures. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of ability of very low ethanol concentrations to protect DNA from damage triggered by extremely high doses of 60 Co-gamma rays.

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