Radiation protection in space

Durante, Marco

doi:10.1007/bf03548911

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 252 publications

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“…Third, the cluster cannot be emitted too tangentially. If θ is the angle between the direction of the cluster (defined as the direction of its total 3-momentum) and the radial outward direction passing by the center of mass of the potential cluster, it is required that cos θ > 0.7 (6) The idea behind this condition is that when a nascent cluster spends too much time in the nuclear surface, it likely gets dissolved. These choices are admittedly made to improve the results at low energy, though some supporting arguments can be produced.…”

Section: Emission Of Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There exist many INC and de-excitation models, differing from each other by the ingredients and by the results. In the last years, there has been a very strong development of applications involving spallation reactions, including neutron sources for condensed matter and material studies [1], transmutation of nuclear waste [2,3], simulation of experimental set-ups in nuclear and particle physics [4], production of rare isotopes [5], protection against radiation near accelerators and in space missions [6], interaction of cosmic rays in the atmosphere [7] and cancer hadrontherapy [8]. This activity is at the origin of a strong demand for the improvement of the accuracy of the reaction models and for reliable data to benchmark these models efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the purpose of this paper to set out the present status of the INCL4 model, that is designated as INCL4. 6. The various points of improvements are described below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New potentialities of the Liège intranuclear cascade model for reactions induced by nucleons and light charged particles

et al. 2013

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The new version (INCL4.6) of the Liège intranuclear cascade (INC) model for the description of spallation reactions is presented in detail. Compared to the standard version (INCL4.2), it incorporates several new features, the most important of which are: (i) the inclusion of cluster production through a dynamical phase space coalescence model, (ii) the Coulomb deflection for entering and outgoing charged particles, (iii) the improvement of the treatment of Pauli blocking and of soft collisions, (iv) the introduction of experimental threshold values for the emission of particles, (v) the improvement of pion dynamics, (vi) a detailed procedure for the treatment of light-cluster induced reactions taking care of the effects of binding energy of the nucleons inside the incident cluster and of the possible fusion reaction at low energy. Performances of the new model concerning nucleoninduced reactions are illustrated by a comparison with experimental data covering total reaction cross-sections, neutron, proton, pion and composite double differential cross-sections, neutron multiplicities, residue mass and charge distributions, and residue recoil velocity distributions. Whenever necessary, the INCL4.6 model is coupled to the ABLA07 de-excitation model and the respective merits of the two models are then tentatively disentangled. Good agreement is generally obtained in the 200 MeV-2 GeV range. Below 200 MeV and down to a few tens of MeV, the total reaction cross section is well reproduced and differential cross sections are reasonably well described. The model is also tested for light-ion induced reactions at low energy, below 100 MeV incident energy per nucleon. Beyond presenting the update of the INCL4.2 model, attention has been paid to applications of the new model to three topics for which some particular aspects are discussed for the first time. The first topic is the production of clusters heavier than alpha particle. It is shown that the energy spectra of these produced clusters are consistent with coalescence. The second topic regards the longitudinal residue recoil velocity and its fluctuations. Excellent results are obtained for these quantities. It addition, it is shown that the distributions of these quantities display typical random-walk characterics, at least for not too large mass losses. They are interpreted as a direct consequence of the independence of successive binary collisions occurring during the cascade process. The last topic concerns the total reaction cross section and the residue production cross sections for low energy incident light ions. It is shown that our new model can give a rather satisfactory account of these cross sections, offering so an alternative to fusion models and the advantage of a single model for the progressive change from fusion to pre-equilibrium mechanisms.

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Section: Emission Of Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New potentialities of the Liège intranuclear cascade model for reactions induced by nucleons and light charged particles

et al. 2013

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“…The secondary radiation field is typically due to proton-nucleus or nucleusnucleus reactions at energies between a few hundred AMeV and several AGeV. Proton-nucleus reactions are especially frequent because of the high flux of Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) protons (87% of the total GCR baryonic flux) (Durante, 2002). Thus, the estimation of the quality of the secondary radiation field crucially depends on the availability of accurate nucleon-nucleus reaction models in the 0.1-10 GeV incident-energy range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nuclear de-excitation on observables relevant for space exploration

Mancusi

Boudard

David

et al. 2011

Advances in Space Research

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The composition of the space radiation environment inside spacecrafts is modified by the interaction with shielding material, with equipment and even with the astronauts' bodies. Accurate quantitative estimates of the effects of nuclear reactions are necessary, for example, for dose estimation and prediction of single-event-upset rates. To this end, it is necessary to construct predictive models for nuclear reactions, which usually consist of an intranuclear-cascade or quantum-molecular-dynamics stage, followed by a nuclear-de-excitation stage.While it is generally acknowledged that it is necessary to accurately simulate the first reaction stage, transport-code users often neglect or underestimate the importance of the choice of the de-excitation code. The purpose of this work is to prove that the de-excitation model is in fact a non-negligible source of uncertainty for the prediction of several observables of crucial importance for space applications. For some particular observables, the systematic uncertainty due to the de-excitation model actually dominates the total uncertainty. Our point will be illustrated by making use of nucleon-nucleus calculations performed with several intranuclear-cascade/de-excitation models, such as the Liège Intranuclear Cascade model (INCL4) and Isabel (for the cascade part) and ABLA07, Dresner, GEM, GEMINI++ and SMM (on the de-excitation side).

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“…Today, the importance of multifragmentation in nucleon-induced reactions is the subject of a long-standing discussion. While it is generally accepted that multifragmentation will eventually set in at high projectile energy, due to the increasing energy transfer from the projectile to the target nucleus, it is not yet clear whether and to what extent multifragmentation needs to be postulated for a reliable quantitative description of reactions around Driven Systems (ADS) [2], radioprotection in space [3] and shielding at accelerators [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elusiveness of multifragmentation footprints in 1-GeV proton-nucleus reations

Mancusi

Boudard

David

et al. 2012

EPJ Web of Conferences

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We use the tools of hybrid intranuclear-cascade/nuclear-de-excitation models to evaluate the sensitivity of several physical observables to the inclusion of a multifragmentation stage in the de-excitation chain and assess the need for a multifragmentation model in the quantitative description of p+ 56 Fe and p+ 136 Xe reactions at 1-GeV incident energy. We seek clear signatures of multifragmentation by comparing different state-of-the-art de-excitation models coupled with intranuclear-cascade models and by focusing on discriminating observables such as correlations and fragment longitudinal-velocity distributions. None of the considered observables can be unambiguously interpreted as a multifragmentation footprint. The experimental data are best described as originating from sequential binary decays. However, no de-excitation model can reproduce the experimental longitudinal-velocity distributions from 1-GeV p+ 136 Xe.

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Radiation protection in space

Cited by 21 publications

References 252 publications

New potentialities of the Liège intranuclear cascade model for reactions induced by nucleons and light charged particles

New potentialities of the Liège intranuclear cascade model for reactions induced by nucleons and light charged particles

Influence of nuclear de-excitation on observables relevant for space exploration

The elusiveness of multifragmentation footprints in 1-GeV proton-nucleus reations

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