Radiation Protection: A Guide for Scientists, Regulators, and Physicians, Fourth Edition

Abstract

In Medical Imaging Physics, the authors cover the spectrum from radiation physics to computed tomography to radiobiology, while including some basic statistics and image analysis, in a style that would be comfortable for resident physicians in radiology, radiological technologists, and students beginning a career in medical physics and radiation biology. The math requirements are minimal, but sufficient for the material presented. In this book, the authors bring together a number of areas that one would normally find only in several separate books. The authors introduce the reader to ͑and explain at the appropriate level of complex-ity͒ basics of radiation ͑its production, its interactions, and its detection͒, types of imaging ͑nuclear medicine, radiography, CT, MR, ultrasound͒, image quality ͑resolution, noise, visual perception͒, and radiobiology. The chapters on radiation provide a good presentation of radioactive decay and interactions with matter, with various levels of depth being provided by the text and the side-bars. The discussion of x-ray imaging was comparable to that seen in other texts. Image quality was covered with a comprehensiveness that was welcome. The chapters on ultrasound and magnetic resonance are very nice introductions to these technologies, written at a level that nonpractitioners can readily grasp. In addition to the theory, the authors discuss the technology used in the various fields: nuclear detectors and instrumentation, ultrasound transducers and instrumentation, and MRI spectroscopy and instrumentation, as well as new developments in imaging. The radiobiology chapters could be especially useful since these issues are now in the public consciousness and would help address questions that can arise during in-services.

OSLD energy response performance and dose accuracy at 24 - 1250 keV: Comparison with TLD-100H and TLD-100

“…FIGURE 2 on the other hand shows the Harshaw TLD-100H. The TLD-100H is in the form of circular shaped chip, of material LiF:Mg,Cu,P [8] and dimension 3.6 mm diameter and 0.25 mm thick. This chip is fixed in an aluminium card covered by PTFE wrapping.…”

“…The casing (dimensions of 2.4×1.2×0.2 cm 3 ) is shown as the middle photograph of FIGURE 1 (a) and in FIGURE 1 (b). FIGURE 1 (b) shows the slide coming out from the casing, where the OSLD discs (of material Al 2 O 3 :C, diameter 0.7 cm, thickness 0.02 cm [8]) are placed. It can be seen that all together there are four discs, of which each chip has its own filters to provide different radiation attenuation.…”

“…Not much different can be found in this TLD-100 if compared with TLD-100H, except that the materials and the shape of the discs. LiF:Mg,Ti [8] is the materials for TLD-100 and the chip is in the square form, with side length of 3.2 × 3.2 mm 2 and 0.89 mm thick. …”

Gadolinium concentration analysis in brain phantom by X-ray fluorescence

“…The head phantom, containing Gd contrast medium in the tumour vessel,   E  E 1 (E /m 0 c 2 )(1 cos) (6) Where E is the energy of the incident photon, E' the energy of the scattered photons, m 0 c 2 is the rest mass energy of electron (511 keV), and θ is the scattering angle for the scattered photons [81,82]. At 138 degrees of scattering, between the incident radiation from the source and the scattered radiation reaching the detector, the scattered photons give a broad Compton peak at 49 keV.…”

Elements of Natural Radioactive Decay Series in Iranian Drinking Water and Cigarettes

“…Uranium is a naturally occurring primordial radionuclide; it was one of the elements created right after the Big Bang (1). It is the last naturally occurring element in the periodic table.…”