Radiation processed ethylene vinyl acetate-multiple walled carbon nanotube nano-composites: Effect of MWNT addition on the gel content and crosslinking density

Dubey, K.A.; Bhardwaj, Y.K.; Chaudhari, C. V.; Kumar, Virendra; Goel, Narendra S.; Sabharwal, S.

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2009.61

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…23 We did not specifically investigate the influence of SDS concentration on the EG dispersion in our polymer, but all the experimental results presented in this article indicate improved dispersion of the EG after SDS treatment. Similar observations were reported by Dubey et al 24 in their study of radiation-processed EVA reinforced with MWCNT prepared via melt mixing. 22 This indicates that there was no EVA melting at a macroscopic level when the EB penetrated the polymer, and the EG or SDS-EG particles could not rearrange.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)supporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of surfactant and electron treatment on the electrical and thermal conductivity as well as thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene vinyl acetate/expanded graphite composites

Sefadi

Luyt

Pionteck

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study presents an investigation of the electrical and thermal conductivities of composites based on an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer matrix and nanostructured expanded graphite (EG). To improve the EG dispersion in EVA, EG sheets were modified by treating them with the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in water. The modified SDS-EG platelets, after being filtered and dried, were melt-mixed with EVA to prepare the composites. Finally, both EVA/EG and EVA/SDS-EG composites were subjected to 50 kGy electron beam (EB) irradiation. SEM images confirm that the irradiated EVA/EG samples had improved interfacial adhesion, while the irradiated EVA/SDS-EG samples showed even better interfacial adhesion. The gel contents of the irradiated samples without and with SDS treatment increased with increase in EG loading. The EVA/EG composites exhibited a sharp transition from an insulator to a conductor at an electrical percolation threshold of 8 wt %, but with SDS-EG the electrical conductivity was extremely low, showing no percolation up to 10 wt % of filler. The EB irradiation had no influence on electrical conductivity. The thermal conductivity linearly increased with EG content, and this increase was more pronounced in the case of SDS-EG, but decreased after EB irradiation. The thermal properties were little influenced by EB irradiation, while better polymer-filler interaction and better filler dispersion as a result of SDS treatment, and the EB irradiation initiated formation of a cross-linked network, had a positive effect on the tensile properties.

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)supporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of surfactant and electron treatment on the electrical and thermal conductivity as well as thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene vinyl acetate/expanded graphite composites

Sefadi

Luyt

Pionteck

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Thus, the enhancement in the crosslinking yield after the MWNT incorporation can be attributed to the formation of multi-ionization spurs yielding Y-crosslinking and also increased possibility of spur overlap due to reduced free volume [22,23]. It can, therefore, be safely stated that neutralization of single ionization spurs, with increase in MWNT, is not significant in the present system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The increase in magnitude of dE c /dV f (measure of reinforcement) with radiation indicates that there was improvement in the load transfer effect on irradiation and an interface link between MWNTs and elastomer matrix was established during radiation treatment. It is reported that, radiation induced cross-linking in the rubber-phases enhances the polymer-filler interaction [19,23], such an effect can also contribute to the observed dose dependent increase in the reinforcement (dE C /dV f ). These results support our justification that the higher crosslinking yield of nanocomposites containing higher fractions of MWNTs is due to physical crosslinking assisted free volume reduction in the nano-composite matrix.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of the Nano-compositesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Polychloroprene rubber/ethylene-propylene diene monomer/multiple walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites: synergistic effects of radiation crosslinking and MWNT addition

et al. 2012

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Synergistic effect of MWNT induced reinforcement and high energy radiation induced crosslinking on the physico-mechanical and thermal characteristics of polychloroprene rubber (PCR)/ethylene-propylene diene rubber (EPDM)/MWNT elastomeric nanocomposites was investigated. The extent of reinforcement, as assessed using the Kraus equation suggested high reinforcement of the blend on MWNT addition; though, the thermal stability and glass transition of the PCR and EPDM components were not significantly affected by MWNTs. The elastic modulus increased with the radiation dose as well as with the increase in MWNT content. The reinforcing mechanism of the nanocomposites was studied by various micromechanics models all of which predicted higher moduli than the experimentally observed results, indicating agglomeration in the nanocomposites. Nevertheless, in all the composites synergistic effect of radiation crosslinking and MWNT induced reinforcement were seen, suggesting radiation induced crosslinking between polymer and MWNT interface.

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“…In order to quantitatively evaluate the yields of cross-linking and chain scission of the NR/wood sawdust composites irradiated with EB, were drawn the plots of S + S 1/2 vs. 1/absorbed dose (D) from the Charlesby-Pinner equation for the different blend compositions (Figure 18) [55,56]:

S + \sqrt{S} = \frac{p_{0}}{q_{0}} + \frac{1}{α P_{n} D}

where, S is the sol fraction ( S = 1 − gel fraction), p 0 is the degradation density, average number of main chain scissions per monomer unit and per unit dose, q 0 is the cross-linking density, proportion of monomer units cross-linked per unit dose, P n is the number averaged degree of polymerization, and D is the radiation dose in Gy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Sawdust/Natural Rubber Ecocomposites Cross-Linked by Electron Beam Irradiation

et al. 2016

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The obtaining and characterization of some polymeric eco-composites based on wood sawdust and natural rubber is presented. The natural rubber was cross-linked using the electron beam irradiation. The irradiation doses were of 75, 150, 300 and 600 kGy and the concentrations of wood sawdust were of 10 and 20 phr, respectively. As a result of wood sawdust adding, the physical and mechanical properties such as hardness, modulus at 100% elongation and tensile strength, showed significant improvements. The presence of wood sawdust fibers has a reinforcing effect on natural rubber, similar or better than of mineral fillers. An increase in the irradiation dose leads to the increasing of cross-link density, which is reflected in the improvement of hardness, modulus at 100% elongation and tensile strength of blends. The cross-linking rates, appreciated using the Flory-Rehner equation, have increased with the amount of wood sawdust in blends and with the irradiation dose. Even if the gel fraction values have varied irregularly with the amount of wood sawdust and irradiation dose it was over 90% for all blends, except for the samples without wood sawdust irradiated with 75 kGy. The water uptake increased with increasing of fiber content and decreased with the irradiation dose.

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Radiation processed ethylene vinyl acetate-multiple walled carbon nanotube nano-composites: Effect of MWNT addition on the gel content and crosslinking density

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of surfactant and electron treatment on the electrical and thermal conductivity as well as thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene vinyl acetate/expanded graphite composites

Effect of surfactant and electron treatment on the electrical and thermal conductivity as well as thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene vinyl acetate/expanded graphite composites

Polychloroprene rubber/ethylene-propylene diene monomer/multiple walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites: synergistic effects of radiation crosslinking and MWNT addition

Wood Sawdust/Natural Rubber Ecocomposites Cross-Linked by Electron Beam Irradiation

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