Radiation Polymerization of Acrylonitrile Onto Cotton

Arthur, Jett C.; Demint, Robert J.; McSherry, Wilbur F.; Jurgens, Julian F.

doi:10.1177/004051755902900915

Cited by 37 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The sodium hydroxide was removed by washing the cellulose with distilled water, then followed by souring with dilute acetic acid, neutralizing with dilute ammonium hydroxide, and again washing with distilled water. ' 6 The purified cellulose was allowed to condition at 21OC. and 65% R.H., resulting in a product with a moisture content of about 7%.…”

Section: Preparation Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiochemical yields of graft polymerization reactions of cellulose

Arthur

Blouin

1964

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisThe preparation of radiation-induced graft polymers of cotton cellulose, while retaining the fibrous nature and high molecular weight of the cellulose, depended primarily on the radiochemical yields of cellulose reactions and of graft polymerization reactions. Yields of the initial major molecular changes in cellulosic polymer indicated that, in the case of scission of the molecule and carboxyl group formation, chain reactions were not initiated by radiation; however, in the case of carbonyl group formation chain reactions were initiated but quickly terminated. Generally, experimental procedures, used in graft polymerization reactions, were: (1) simultaneous irradiation reactions, that is, application of monomers or solutions of monomers to cellulose or chemically modified celluloses, then irradiation; and (2) post-irradiation reactions, that is, irradiation of cellulose or chemically modified celluloses, then after removal from the field of radiation, contacting the irradiated cellulose with monomer. Some of the most important factors influencing the radiochemical yields of graft polymerization reactions of styrene and acrylonitrile onto cellulose were: concentration of monomer in treating solution; solvent; ratio of monomer solution to cellulose; prior chemical modification of cellulose; and absence of oxygen, particularly in post-irradiation reactions. Experimental data were presented, and the direct and indirect effects of Cow 7-radiation on these reactions were discussed.

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Section: Preparation Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiochemical yields of graft polymerization reactions of cellulose

Arthur

Blouin

1964

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Most of this work is concerned with photo-oxidation, and little has been done on the oxidation of nylon in the presence of oxygen and water at temperatures below 100°C. Rochas arid Martin [ 16] , as well as Marek and Lerch [12], have studied the yellowing of nylon in the presence of oxygen and water. The latter work considered the photodegradation of nylon and model compounds in order to study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vinyl Cellulose Copolymers

Blouin

Morris

Arthur

1968

Textile Research Journal

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Polyacrylonitrile-cotton copolymers were prepared by post-irradiation, simultaneousirradiation, ceric ion, and ferrous ion/hydrogen peroxide-initiated graft copolymerization reactions. Molecular weights of the grafted polyacrylonitrile ranged from 33,000, when the simultaneous-irradiation method and dimethylformamide solvent were used, to 1,200,000 when the post-irradiation method and 75% aqueous zinc chloride solvent were used. The location of the grafted polyacrylonitrile ranged from principally the outer layers of the fibrous structure to uniform distribution within the structure. All of the textile properties of cotton yarns and fabrics, which had been graft-copolymerized with acrylonitrile, were apparently not wholly dependent on the molecular weight of the grafted polyacrylonitrile, the fraction of the cellulose molecules containing grafted polyacrylonitrile, or the distribution of the polymer within the fibrous structure. Of the properties evaluated, only the flat abrasion resistances of cotton fabrics, copolymerized with acrylonitrile using radiation methods and aqueous zinc chloride solvent, were significantly greater than those of copolymers prepared by other methods. The wrinkle recoveries of fabrics, containing the polyacrylonitrile which had the lowest molecular weight, were greater than those for fabrics grafted with polyacrylonitrile which had higher molecular weight. The relationships between the site on the cellulose molecule of the graft copolymerization reaction to the method of initiation and the properties of the cotton copolymers were considered.

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“…Recently, Arthur and co-workers [1,3] have. described the properties of cotton yarn that contatned radiation-polymerized acrylonitrile monomer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vapor-Phase Technique for Radiation-Induced Grafting of Vinyl Monomers to Fibers

Armstrong

Rutherford

1963

Textile Research Journal

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A technique for the radiation grafting of volatile vinyl monomers to fiber substrates is described. The monomer is applied from the vapor phase while the samples are exposed to gamma radiation from Cobalt-60.The fibrous materials that are relatively unstable toward radiation are the ones that add the vinyl compounds the most readily. These are the cellulosics (cotton and rayon), cellulose esters (acetate), polyamides (nylon 66), and polypropylene fibers. The polyesters and the acrylics show little tendency to undergo graft polymerization. The monomers that have been studied are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, butadiene, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, styrene, ethylene, propylene, and divinyl sulfone. The most successful experiments have been conducted with the first fiveof these monomers, and acetate and polypropylene fibers take part in the grafting process most readily.The rate of grafting of the monomers to many of the substrates can be materially increased by the addition of a third material to the system. Water, methanol, and acetic acid vapors accelerate the rate of grafting to cotton, rayon, and nylon.. The modification of cotton by the radiation addition of acrylonitrile results ID a fiber almost completely resistant to microorganisms. This effect can be a~hieved by the deposition of only 3.5% of the monomer (as polymer), and the fiber retains the appearance and feel of untreated cotton. The product is superior in these respects to that made by the addition of acrylonitrile from the iron-peroxide catalyst system.

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Radiation Polymerization of Acrylonitrile Onto Cotton

Cited by 37 publications

References 2 publications

Radiochemical yields of graft polymerization reactions of cellulose

Radiochemical yields of graft polymerization reactions of cellulose

Vinyl Cellulose Copolymers

A Vapor-Phase Technique for Radiation-Induced Grafting of Vinyl Monomers to Fibers

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