Radiation Oncology

LaRue, Susan M.; Gordon, Ira K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-59496-7.00013-x

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…It is particularly important to distinguish differences between non-stereotactic protocols relative to stereotactic ablative RT ( 21 ). With regards to non-stereotactic RT, responses of tumor and normal tissues have been characterized by the “5 R’s” of radiotherapy: repair of DNA damage, redistribution of cells in the cell cycle, reoxygenation of tumor cells, repopulation of tumor and normal tissues, and intrinsic radiosensitivity of tissues and tumor cells ( 17 , 22 , 23 ). Alternatively, stereotactic RT overcomes radiobiologic limitations via stereotactically verified patient positioning and radiation delivery techniques that result in a minimal volume of normal tissue in the high dose region ( 17 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For non-stereotactic, definitive intent RT protocols, the goal of durable local disease control and improved survival is achieved via fractionation with small doses (< 5 Gy) per fraction, a large number of fractions (≥ 10), and a higher total dose of radiation relative to palliative hypofractionated protocols. In doing so, a high total dose of radiation is delivered to the tumor for disease control, but the normal tissues surrounding the tumor have enhanced ability to repair with the small doses per fraction, thereby reducing toxicity ( 17 ). Alternatively, for non-stereotactic, palliative intent RT protocols, the goal of improvement in quality of life and discomfort associated with the local disease without attaining durable local disease control or improved survival is achieved via hypofractionation with moderate (< 10 Gy) doses per fraction, a small number of fractions (< 10), and lower total dose of radiation relative to definitive fractionated protocols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the high dose per fraction, image guidance techniques to deliver radiation within submillimeter accuracy are required. Thus, SBRT protocols aim to reduce side effects by minimizing treatment of normal tissues (i.e., dose avoidance with steep dose drop-off) and targeting the gross tumor as much as possible, rather than via administration of smaller doses per fraction as with finely fractionated RT ( 17 ). In addition, IMRT, an advanced form of 3D conformal RT, is a radiation planning technique that involves inverse treatment planning to enhance sculpting of the radiation dose and thereby minimize dose to adjacent normal structures ( 17 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outcomes in dogs undergoing surgical stabilization and non-stereotactic radiation therapy for axial and appendicular bone tumors

Griffin,

Mastorakis,

Wustefeld-Janssens

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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BackgroundInformation on dogs that undergo radiation therapy (RT) with non-stereotactic protocols in addition to surgical stabilization with implant placement for treatment of bone tumors is limited.ObjectiveOur primary objectives were to describe the clinical characteristics as well as short- and long-term outcomes, including complications, function, and disease progression, in dogs that underwent both surgical stabilization with implant placement and non-stereotactic RT for local treatment of a bone tumor.MethodsA bi-institutional retrospective case series was performed.AnimalsEight client-owned dogs that underwent both surgical stabilization with implant placement and non-stereotactic RT for local treatment of a bone tumor were included.ResultsTumor types included osteosarcoma or suspected osteosarcoma (5), plasma cell tumor (2), and grade 3 fibrosarcoma (1). Radiation protocols were hypofractionated (palliative intent) in 5 dogs and fractionated (definitive intent) in 3 dogs. Five dogs experienced complications following both RT and surgery, including grade 1 complications in two dogs, a grade 2 complication in one dog, both grade 1 and 2 complications in one dog, and both grade 2 and 3 complications in one dog. Clinical signs subjectively improved in all dogs that had outcomes relative to function documented post-surgery/RT (7). Of these 7 dogs, 4 maintained long-term improvement in function and clinical signs, whereas 3 experienced subsequent recurrence/progression of clinical signs at a median of 133 days (range 91-186) postoperatively in association with biomechanical complications (screw loosening), surgical site infection, and local disease progression in 1 dog each; subsequent treatment resulted in improved clinical signs for each of these 3 dogs, such that overall good long-term functional outcomes were experienced. No dogs required amputation or additional vertebral surgery as salvage for local disease control or palliation. The median progression free interval was 206 days (range 25-1078), and the median survival time was 253 days (range 122-1078) with 1 additional dog lost to follow-up at 575 days. Two dogs experienced local disease progression, and 6 dogs experienced systemic disease progression; both dogs that developed local disease progression received palliative intent RT protocols.Clinical relevanceIn this cohort, dogs with primary bone tumors that underwent surgical stabilization with implant placement and hypofractionated or fractionated non-stereotactic RT for local treatment had a low incidence of major complications, good limb function and ambulation post-treatment, and relatively prolonged survival times despite disease progression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outcomes in dogs undergoing surgical stabilization and non-stereotactic radiation therapy for axial and appendicular bone tumors

Griffin,

Mastorakis,

Wustefeld-Janssens

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…La radioterapia está indicada cuando el control local de un tumor sólido no puede obtenerse quirúrgicamente y éste compromete la función, apariencia y calidad de vida del paciente, como en el caso de tumores de cavidad nasal, en la base del corazón y algunos tipos de tumores cerebrales. Asimismo, desempeña un papel en el tratamiento paliativo de cánceres avanzados, endocrinopatías asociadas con adenomas endócrinos y como adyuvante para el linfoma y ciertos tumores benignos (Larue & Gordon, 2020).…”

Section: Radioterapiaunclassified

Estrategias terapéuticas contra el cáncer en animales de compañía

Ruiz-Castillo¹,

Arroyo-León²,

Cervantes-Arias³

2021

teq

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Cancer is one of the main causes of death in dogs and cats. What was once considered a death sentence is now a disease that can be treated and in most cases, it is possible to extend survival times with good quality of life. Antineoplastic treatment is usually a combination of multiple therapeutic modalities, in which surgery plays an important role for diagnosis and local control of the disease. Chemotherapy, and most recently immunotherapy, help in the systemic control of the remaining disease. Other modalities such as electrochemotherapy, radiotherapy and cryosurgery can also help in the management of cancer patients. In Mexico, oncology is still a novel medical specialty, but one in constant development.

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“…The cytotoxic effects of irradiation can be divided into direct and indirect effects. The indirect effects of irradiation, which mainly contribute to cytotoxic reactions, require oxygen to produce free radicals [ 7 ]. Thus, tumor cells in the hypoxic region are considered relatively resistant to irradiation [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Factors for the Efficiency of Radiation Therapy in Dogs with Oral Melanoma: A Pilot Study of Hypoxia in Intraosseous Lesions

Noguchi¹,

Yagi²,

Okamoto³

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Unresectable oral melanoma is often treated with radiation therapy (RT) and may show a temporary response to therapy. The clinical stage is one of the well-known prognostic factors for canine oral melanoma. However, the factors that directly affect the response to RT have remained unclear. This study aimed to validate the risk factors for recurrence after RT. Sixty-eight dogs with oral melanomas were included in this study. All dogs were treated with palliative RT using a linear accelerator without adjuvant therapies. After RT, the time to local recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using the log-rank test. As a result, clinical stage and response to therapy were the significant independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis. The presence of local bone lysis and non-combination with cytoreductive surgery were associated with a worse response to RT. Immunohistochemical analysis for hypoxia-inducible factor-1α indicated that tumor cells invading the bone are under hypoxic conditions, which may explain a poorer efficiency of RT in dogs with bone lysis. In conclusion, clinical stage and combination with debulking surgery were needed to improve the efficiency of RT.

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Radiation Oncology

Cited by 5 publications

References 211 publications

Outcomes in dogs undergoing surgical stabilization and non-stereotactic radiation therapy for axial and appendicular bone tumors

Outcomes in dogs undergoing surgical stabilization and non-stereotactic radiation therapy for axial and appendicular bone tumors

Estrategias terapéuticas contra el cáncer en animales de compañía

Prognostic Factors for the Efficiency of Radiation Therapy in Dogs with Oral Melanoma: A Pilot Study of Hypoxia in Intraosseous Lesions

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