Acoustic radiation of an infinite cylindrical surface vibrating with an arbitrary, time-harmonic surface velocity distribution, while positioned within an acoustic quarterspace with rigid boundary, is analyzed in an exact fashion using the classical method of separation of variables. The formulation utilizes the appropriate wave-field expansions and the method of images along with the translational addition theorem for cylindrical wave functions to develop a closed-form solution in form of infinite series. The analytical results are illustrated with numerical examples in which the cylindrical source, vibrating in the pulsating (n = 0) and the transversely oscillating (n = 1) modes, is positioned near the rigid boundary of an air-filled quarterspace. Subsequently, the basic acoustic field quantities such as the modal acoustic radiation impedance load and the sound radiation intensity distribution are evaluated for representative values of the parameters characterizing the system.