Radiation measurements on the Mir Orbital Station

Badhwar, G. D.; Atwell, William; Reitz, Günther; Beaujean, R.; Heinrich, W.

doi:10.1016/s1350-4487(02)00072-0

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Hence, the best estimate of the quality factor of cosmic radiation in LEO from pooled dicentric data is around 2.5. An average quality factor of 2.4 has been calculated (Badhwar et al, 2002), using measured LET spectra on the Mir space station and the ICRP model. For taxi flights, the expected increase in the dicentric yield over the background would be Y -Y 0 = 6.6 ×10 -5 , which is below the detection limit even assuming a quality factor of 2.5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromosome aberration dosimetry in cosmonauts after single or multiple space flights

Durante

Snigiryova

Akaeva

et al. 2003

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Background and aims: Cosmic radiation is one of the main hazards for manned space exploration. Uncertainty in radiation risk estimates for crews of long-term missions are very high, and direct biological measurements are necessary. We measured chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 33 cosmonauts involved in space missions during the past 11 years. Methods: Blood lymphocytes from the cosmonauts were stimulated to grow in vitro and were harvested at their first mitosis. Slides were either stained with Giemsa stain for dicentrics analysis, or painted with whole-chromosome DNA probes for translocation analysis (FISH). Results: A statistically significant increase in the yield of chromosomal aberrations was measured following long-term space missions in lymphocytes from cosmonauts at their first flight. No significant changes in aberration frequencies were observed for short-term taxi flights. The increase in long-term missions was consistent with the values calculated from physical dosimetry data. However, for cosmonauts involved in two or more space flights, the yield of interchromosomal exchanges was not related to the total duration of space sojourn or integral absorbed dose. Indeed, the yield of aberrations at the end of the last mission was generally in the range of background frequencies measured before the first mission. Conclusions: Chromosome aberration dosimetry can detect radiation damage during space flight, and biological measurements support the current risk estimates for space radiation exposure. However, for cosmonauts involved in multiple space missions the frequency of chromosomal aberrations is lower than expected, suggesting that the effects of repeated space flights on this particular endpoint are not simply additive. Changes in the immune system in microgravity and/or adaptive response to space radiation may explain the apparent increase in radioresistance after multiple space flights.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One ion chamber has 0.5 g/cm 2 of shielding thickness and provides a measurement of skin dose. The second chamber has an additional 3.5 g/cm 2 of tissue equivalent glass to provide a relative measure of the blood-forming organ (BFO) dose (Badhwar et al, 2002).…”

Section: Subjects and Dosimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome aberration dosimetry in cosmonauts after single or multiple space flights

Durante

Snigiryova

Akaeva

et al. 2003

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…Space flight missions ranged from 2 to 6 months, and dose measurements by thermoluminescence dosimeters ranged from 30 to 90 mGy. Assuming an average quality factor of 2.34 to 2.5 on Mir (Badhwar et al, 2002;Cucinotta et al, 2000), measured values correspond to equivalent doses ranging from 70 to 200 mSv.…”

Section: Astronautsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex chromosomal rearrangements induced in vivo by heavy ions

Durante

Andō²,

Furusawa³

et al. 2004

Cytogenet Genome Res

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It has been suggested that the ratio complex/simple exchanges can be used as a biomarker of exposure to high-LET radiation. We tested this hypothesis in vivo, by considering data from several studies that measured complex exchanges in peripheral blood from humans exposed to mixed fields of low- and high-LET radiation. In particular, we studied data from astronauts involved in long-term missions in low-Earth-orbit, and uterus cancer patients treated with accelerated carbon ions. Data from two studies of chromosomal aberrations in astronauts used blood samples obtained before and after space flight, and a third study used blood samples from patients before and after radiotherapy course. Similar methods were used in each study, where lymphocytes were stimulated to grow in vitro, and collected after incubation in either colcemid or calyculin A. Slides were painted with whole-chromosome DNA fluorescent probes (FISH), and complex and simple chromosome exchanges in the painted genome were classified separately. Complex-type exchanges were observed at low frequencies in control subjects, and in our test subjects before the treatment. No statistically significant increase in the yield of complex-type exchanges was induced by the space flight. Radiation therapy induced a high fraction of complex exchanges, but no significant differences could be detected between patients treated with accelerated carbon ions or X-rays. Complex chromosomal rearrangements do not represent a practical biomarker of radiation quality in our test subjects.

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“…This increase of cosmic ray particles may affect objects that orbit Earth such as satellites and space stations (e.g. Badhwar 1997, Buhler et al 2002, Badhwar et al 2002, Barde et al 2002, Willis et al 2004). These effects may be detected also on the surface of Earth as disturbances in communications and induced currents in pipelines and transmission lines (Padilha 1995, Pinto et al 2004, Trivedi et al 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time evolution of the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly

Hartmann

Pacca

2009

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) is one of the most outstanding anomalies of the geomagnetic field. The SAMA secular variation was obtained and compared to the evolution of other anomalies using spherical harmonic field models for the period. An analysis of data from four South American observatories shows how this large scale anomaly affected their measurements. Since SAMA is a low total field anomaly, the field was separated into its non-dipolar, quadrupolar and octupolar parts. The time evolution of the non-dipole/total, quadrupolar/total and octupolar/total field ratios yielded increasingly high values for the South Atlantic since 1750. The SAMA evolution is compared to the evolution of other large scale surface geomagnetic features like the North and the South Pole and the Siberia High, and this comparison shows the intensity equilibrium between these anomalies in both hemispheres. The analysis of non-dipole fields in historical period suggests that SAMA is governed by (i) quadrupolar field for drift, and (ii) quadrupolar and octupolar fields for intensity and area of influence. Furthermore, our study reinforces the possibility that SAMA may be related to reverse fluxes in the outer core under the South Atlantic region.

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Radiation measurements on the Mir Orbital Station

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

Chromosome aberration dosimetry in cosmonauts after single or multiple space flights

Chromosome aberration dosimetry in cosmonauts after single or multiple space flights

Complex chromosomal rearrangements induced in vivo by heavy ions

Time evolution of the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly

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