Radiation

Transformation Optics Description of Direct and Cascaded Third-Harmonic Generation

“…The emission pattern can be quantitatively analyzed by calculating the total multipole moments (with an overline) of the nanowire dimer by integrating the polarization function (without overline) .25ex2ex p̅ x ′ = prefix∬ P x ′ ( x ′ , y ′ ) normald x ′ nobreak0em0.25em⁣ normald y ′ p̅ y ′ = prefix∬ P y ′ ( x ′ , y ′ ) normald x ′ nobreak0em0.25em⁣ normald y ′ Q̅ x x ′ = prefix∬ 2 x ′ P x ′ ( x ′ , y ′ ) normald x ′ nobreak0em0.25em⁣ normald y ′ Q̅ y y ′ = prefix∬ 2 y ′ …”

“…The emission pattern can be quantitatively analyzed by calculating the total multipole moments (with an overline) of the nanowire dimer by integrating the polarization function (without overline) From the mode symmetry, the value of these multipole moments can be easily deduced. For the near field at pump frequency ω 1 and third-harmonic frequency ω 3 shown in Figure a,c,d, P x ′ ( P y ′ ) is an even function in relation to both x ′ and y ′ for a x ( a y ) mode, making for a x , while for a y .…”

A New DC Electric Field Sensor and Direct Measurements of Ionosphere Sq Electric Fields

“…Therefore, we examined the validity of the electric field intensities on the ground. Stratton [11] shows a formula for estimating electromagnetic field at a distance R from a small dipole on which source current is flowing. Since Sq electric fields make current flow in the ionosphere, we here apply the formula.…”

“…where p = Ql and l is length of small dipole of current source I = jω Q, k (=2π /λ) is the wavenumber, and R = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 is the distance from the origin of the small dipole to the observation point [11]. Since E θ becomes horizontal when θ = ϕ = 90 • , we can apply this situation for estimating electric field on the ground.…”

“…Source current is flowing in z direction along a small dipole of length l , which is set horizontally in the ionosphere. Formula of electric field component E θ generated by the source current is given by Stratton [11], and E θ becomes horizontally when θ = ϕ = 90 • . From this situation, the ratio of electric field intensity on the ground to that in the ionosphere became 1/10 when the altitude of source current is 150 km and that of Sq electric field is 135 km at the altitude around 150 km where is a region between E -and F-layer in the ionosphere, in which the altitude of Sq electric fields is around 135 km.…”