Radiation-Induced Changes in Melanization and Phenoloxidase in Caribbean Fruit Fly Larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae) as the Basis for a Simple Test of Irradiation

Nation, James L.; Smittle, B. J.; Milne, Kathy

doi:10.1093/aesa/88.2.201

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The coordinated expression of PPO and PPAE, co-localized in the insect hemolymph, justify a close metabolic relationship (Arora et al, 2009). Similar debilitating effects of irradiation on PO activity have been demonstrated in Carribean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa when 1st-instar larvae were exposed to ≥20 Gy (Nation et al, 1995). Irradiation-induced age-correlated effect on reduced PO activity has been reported in 1st-instar larvae of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Mansour & Franz, 1995, 1996) and Helicoverpa armigera (Sachdev et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Irradiation influence on the phenoloxidase pathway and an anti-oxidant defense mechanism inSpodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its implication in radio-genetic ‘F₁sterility’ and biorational pest suppression tactics

Sachdev

Khan

Zarin

et al. 2017

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The present study was conducted to appraise the ontogenic radio-sensitivity of a serious tropical pest, Spodoptera litura (Fabr.). The molecular responses pertaining to the phenoloxidase (PO) pathway and an anti-oxidant defense mechanism were evaluated in order to understand its implication in pest control at pre-harvest and post-harvest intervals. Irradiation exhibited an inverse relationship with age with respect to impact on developmental and transcriptional responses. Transcript abundance of PO cascade enzymes, prophenoloxidase (slppo-2), its activating enzyme (slppae-1) and free-radical scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase (slsod) and catalase (slcat) was evaluated upon gamma irradiation alone and the dual-stress of radiation plus microbial challenge. The slppo-2, slppae-1, slsod and slcat transcripts were significantly up-regulated in F 1 L6 larvae (6th-instar) resulting from 100 Gy sub-sterilized male adults and unirradiated female moths. The extent of upregulation was relatively higher in comparison with L6 survivors (6th-instar larvae) developed from irradiated neonates (L1) treated with 100 Gy. Upon Photorhabdus challenge, the transcripts were down-regulated in irradiated L1 suggesting increased larval susceptibility to bacterial infections. Radioresistance increased with the age of the insect, and molecular responses (transcript abundance) of insect defense mechanism were less influenced when older age (F 1 progeny) were irradiated. These findings will help to optimize the gamma dose to be employed in inherited sterility technique for (pre-harvest) pest suppression and (post-harvest) phytosanitation and quarantine, and suggest compatible integration of biorational tactics including nuclear technology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Irradiation influence on the phenoloxidase pathway and an anti-oxidant defense mechanism inSpodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its implication in radio-genetic ‘F₁sterility’ and biorational pest suppression tactics

Sachdev

Khan

Zarin

et al. 2017

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…Radiation may induce physiological changes involving reduced phenoloxidase action in tephritid larvae. This was reported in larvae of Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Nation et al ., 1995), C. capitata (Mansour and Franz, 1996), and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Chang et al ., 2016). Nevertheless, the qualitative determination of melanization is not feasible in all Anastrepha species, because observations in A. ludens larvae did not provide evidence of melanin in both D. crawfordi and U. anastrephae eggs and larvae as a signal of the host's immunological reaction (Cancino et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing radiation doses in Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae improve parasitoid mass-rearing attributes

Cancino

Ayala

Ríos

et al. 2022

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Doses of 40, 80, 120, and 160 Gy were applied to 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-day-old Anastrepha obliqua larvae, which were exposed to the Neotropical-native braconids Doryctobracon crawfordi and Utetes anastrephae and the Asian braconid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. These tests were performed to know the effect of the increase in host radiation on the emergence of the aforementioned parasitoids and the related consequences of oviposition on the host. The study was based on the fact that higher radiation doses may cause a decrease in the host immune activity. There was a direct relationship between the increase in radiation dose and the parasitoid emergence. Both, the weight and the mortality of the host larvae were not affected by radiation. Although the larval weight of the larvae was lower and the mortality was higher in the younger larvae. Both, the number of scars and immature stages per host puparium originated from the younger larvae were lower than those from older larvae. Only U. anastrephae superparasitized more at lower radiation. Superparasitism by D. longicaudata was more frequent at 160 Gy. Qualitative measurements of melanin in the larvae parasitized showed that the levels were lower with increasing radiation. As radiation doses increased, the antagonistic response of the A. obliqua larva was reduced. Host larvae aged 5- and 6-day-old irradiated at 120–160 Gy significantly improve parasitoid emergence. This evidence is relevant for the mass production of the three tested parasitoid species.

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“…The puparium-pupal space also seems to be important to larval parasitoids of the family Figitidae, which fail to develop on irradiated hosts [ 72 ]. While these may be the only cases where emergence of adult parasitoids from irradiated fruit fly hosts have not been observed, their occurrence confirms that the physiological development of immature stages of parasitoids requires a combination of physical-chemical conditions that are not always present after host irradiation [ 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Physiological Basismentioning

confidence: 96%

Application of Nuclear Techniques to Improve the Mass Production and Management of Fruit Fly Parasitoids

Cancino

Ruiz

Viscarret

et al. 2012

Insects

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The use of irradiated hosts in mass rearing tephritid parasitoids represents an important technical advance in fruit fly augmentative biological control. Irradiation assures that fly emergence is avoided in non-parasitized hosts, while at the same time it has no appreciable effect on parasitoid quality, i.e., fecundity, longevity and flight capability. Parasitoids of fruit fly eggs, larvae and pupae have all been shown to successfully develop in irradiated hosts, allowing a broad range of species to be shipped and released without post-rearing delays waiting for fly emergence and costly procedures to separate flies and wasps. This facilitates the early, more effective and less damaging shipment of natural enemies within hosts and across quarantined borders. In addition, the survival and dispersal of released parasitoids can be monitored by placing irradiated sentinel-hosts in the field. The optimal radiation dosages for host-sterility and parasitoid-fitness differ among species, and considerable progress has been made in integrating radiation into a variety of rearing procedures.

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Radiation-Induced Changes in Melanization and Phenoloxidase in Caribbean Fruit Fly Larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae) as the Basis for a Simple Test of Irradiation

Cited by 18 publications

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Irradiation influence on the phenoloxidase pathway and an anti-oxidant defense mechanism inSpodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its implication in radio-genetic ‘F₁sterility’ and biorational pest suppression tactics

Irradiation influence on the phenoloxidase pathway and an anti-oxidant defense mechanism inSpodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its implication in radio-genetic ‘F₁sterility’ and biorational pest suppression tactics

Increasing radiation doses in Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae improve parasitoid mass-rearing attributes

Application of Nuclear Techniques to Improve the Mass Production and Management of Fruit Fly Parasitoids

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Radiation-Induced Changes in Melanization and Phenoloxidase in Caribbean Fruit Fly Larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae) as the Basis for a Simple Test of Irradiation

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Irradiation influence on the phenoloxidase pathway and an anti-oxidant defense mechanism inSpodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its implication in radio-genetic ‘F1sterility’ and biorational pest suppression tactics

Irradiation influence on the phenoloxidase pathway and an anti-oxidant defense mechanism inSpodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its implication in radio-genetic ‘F1sterility’ and biorational pest suppression tactics

Increasing radiation doses in Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae improve parasitoid mass-rearing attributes

Application of Nuclear Techniques to Improve the Mass Production and Management of Fruit Fly Parasitoids

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Irradiation influence on the phenoloxidase pathway and an anti-oxidant defense mechanism inSpodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its implication in radio-genetic ‘F₁sterility’ and biorational pest suppression tactics

Irradiation influence on the phenoloxidase pathway and an anti-oxidant defense mechanism inSpodoptera litura(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its implication in radio-genetic ‘F₁sterility’ and biorational pest suppression tactics