Radiation grafting of MMA onto PVC films

Abstract

SynopsisAn approach to the problem of producing poly(viny1 chloride) (PVC) graft copolymer exhibiting good mechanical properties and electrical resistance that suits its uses as an electrical insulator has been investigated. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto PVC using yradiation as initiator has been studied. PVC was chemically modified, and the effect of the change in its chemical and physical structure on its properties was investigated. In this grafting system, different solvents were tried and it was found that the most suitable diluent for the grafting of MMA onto PVC films is methanol. An appreciable improvement in tensile properties of the graft copolymer was achieved. The most suitable degree of grafting, concerning electrical insulation efficiency, was found to be near 80%. Gel determination in the graft copolymer was carried out, and a crosslinked network structure was formed. Increasing the crosslinking content in the graft copolymer leads to a decrease in the extent of swelling due to the less diffusivity of the solutions through such network structure.

Radiation Graft Co-polymerization of Methacrylic Acid (MAA) onto Sago Starch Films

“…However, it was found that when distilled water was used as a solvent, the grafting process proceeds without problems for starch films. The decrease in grafting process at higher dose rate and higher monomer concentration could be attributed to the Trommsdorffeffect [16][17] , whereby, as the viscosity of the grafting system is increased, the diffusion processes of monomer molecules from the bulk of the solution to the starch film are hindered during the radiation grafting. It can be seen that the degree of grafting increases with increasing irradiation dose to reach an optimum value and then tends to decrease at higher doses, particularly by using high monomer concentrations.…”

Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinyl chloride‐co‐vinyl acetate)‐graft‐poly[(meth)acrylates] by atom transfer radical polymerization

“…Replacing chlorine atoms of PVC with other atoms or groups would yield new polymer properties (or effects), such as thermal stability, polymer–solvent interactions, and dielectric response. Much research has been conducted on the graft copolymerization of PVC since the 1960s 3–6…”

Separation and extraction of some heavy and toxic metal ions from their wastes by grafted membranes

“…In Figure 3, the chemically treated membranes had a higher water uptake than that for the untreated ones, at a given degree of grafting, due to the increase in hydrophilicity. Moreover, the water uptake increases with an increasing grafting yield because of the increase in hydrophilic groups introduced into the graft copolymer by hydrolysis or amidoximation processes 17. The results showed also that for the untreated LDPE membrane having 150% grafting the swelling percent is only 3.5%, which became 10 times higher for the NH 2 OH‐treated membrane while it reached 46% for the KOH‐treated membrane having the same degree of grafting.…”

“…Moreover, the water uptake increases with an increasing grafting yield because of the increase in hydrophilic groups introduced into the graft copolymer by hydrolysis or amidoximation processes. 17 The results showed also that for the untreated LDPE membrane having 150% grafting the swelling percent is only 3.5%, which became 10 times higher for the NH 2 OH-treated membrane while it reached 46% for the KOH-treated membrane having the same degree of grafting. The alkaline treatment resulted in hydrolyzing the acetate groups to hydroxyl ones which are hydrophilic in nature.…”