Radiation flux and damage at accelerator-driven spallation neutron sources

Use of double and triple-ion irradiation to study the influence of high levels of helium and hydrogen on void swelling of 8–12% Cr ferritic-martensitic steels

“…In spallation spectra, however, the incident high energy protons and the neutrons produced during spallation yield large gas production rates that are relatively insensitive to composition with iron and chromium producing these gases at roughly the same rates as nickel [7][8][9][10][11]. In general, while both particles participate in displacement and gas production, the neutrons produce the majority of the displacement damage and the protons produce the majority of the transmutant gases.…”