Radiation exposure to cardiologists performing interventional cardiology procedures

Occupational Radiation Protection in Interventional Radiology: A Joint Guideline of the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe and the Society of Interventional Radiology

“…Interventional radiologists are unavoidably irradiated in the performance of their duties. However, a busy interventional radiologist who takes all appropriate radiation safety precautions is unlikely to have an E exceeding 10 mSv/year and is more likely to have an E of 2-4 mSv/year [22][23][24][25]. These values are well below the European dose limits and U.S. MPD.…”

“…Translating these data into monthly or annual worker doses is difficult. As noted above, the effective dose for an interventional radiologist is typically 2-4 mSv/year [22][23][24][25].…”

Radiation exposure of medical staff from interventional x-ray procedures: a multicentre study

“…Several investigations [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] revealed that the doses to medical staff in interventional radiology and cardiology may be of concern from a radiation hygiene point of view. Partial-body doses reported ranged from a few microsieverts up to a few millisieverts per procedure, with higher values occurring mainly for the hands.…”

Statistical analysis of measured operators’ finger doses in interventional radiology

“…The factors that affect operators' exposure levels are mainly: the complexity and type of the procedure, the fluoroscopy time, the patient's body habitus (body build and constitution), the operator's skills and training experience (Ramsdale et al, 1990;Watson et al, 1997;Delichas et al, 2003;etc. ), the access route and tube position, i.e.…”

“…), the use of collective and personal protective tools (Kim and Miller, 2009;Carinou et al, 2011, etc. ), and equipment performance, which is mainly related to the technical parameters of the X-ray tube such as current intensity (mA), voltage (kV), collimation and filtration (intensity of X-rays) (Delichas et al, 2003). These technical parameters and the fluoroscopy time are included in the DoseArea Product (DAP), which is available on most current installations in IR.…”