Radiation Enteritis

Harb, Ali H.; Fadel, Carla Abou; Sharara, Ala I.

doi:10.1007/s11894-014-0383-3

Cited by 88 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Colitis is a clinical side effect of radiotherapy, which involves the gut microflora and induces colonic endotoxemia. 25 Therefore, we examined the colon for histological damage with respect to crypt epithelial damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in rebamipide-treated irradiated mice. Histological analysis showed that irradiated colons displayed epithelial cell loss and crypt damage to the mucosal layer (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rebamipide alleviates radiation‐induced colitis through improvement of goblet cell differentiation in mice

Jang

Park

Lee

et al. 2018

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Background and Aim: Radiation-induced colitis is a common clinical problem associated with radiotherapy and accidental exposure to ionizing radiation. Goblet cells play a pivotal role in the intestinal barrier against pathogenic bacteria. Rebamipide, an anti-gastric ulcer drug, has the effects to promote goblet cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether radiation-induced colonic injury could be alleviated by rebamipide. Methods: This study orally administered rebamipide for 6 days to mice, which were subjected to 13 Gy abdominal irradiation, to evaluate the therapeutic effects of rebamipide against radiation-induced colitis. To confirm the effects of rebamipide on irradiated colonic epithelial cells, this study used the HT29 cell line. Results: Rebamipide clearly alleviated the acute radiation-induced colitis, as reflected by the histopathological data, and significantly increased the number of goblet cells. The drug also inhibited intestinal inflammation and protected from bacterial translocation during acute radiation-induced colitis. Furthermore, rebamipide significantly increased mucin 2 expression in both the irradiated mouse colon and human colonic epithelial cells. Additionally, rebamipide accelerated not only the recovery of defective tight junctions but also the differentiation of impaired goblet cells in an irradiated colonic epithelium, which indicates that rebamipide has beneficial effects on the colon. Conclusions: Rebamipide is a therapeutic candidate for radiation-induced colitis, owing to its ability to inhibit inflammation and protect the colonic epithelial barrier.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The condition may also lead to alterations of the gut microbiota and induce colonic endotoxemia. 4,25 Therefore, we focused on the effects of rebamipide against colonic injury using a GI-ARS model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rebamipide alleviates radiation‐induced colitis through improvement of goblet cell differentiation in mice

Jang

Park

Lee

et al. 2018

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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“…Specifically, MTG16 controls goblet cell allocation, controls enterocyte proliferation, and is important in radiation-induced injury responses. Importantly, because current treatment modalities are aimed at targeting the symptoms of radiation enteritis (21), this study offers promise in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate responses to radiation therapy. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional corepressor MTG16 regulates small intestinal crypt proliferation and crypt regeneration after radiation-induced injury

Poindexter

Reddy

Mittal

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Myeloid translocation genes (MTGs) are transcriptional corepressors implicated in development, malignancy, differentiation, and stem cell function. While MTG16 loss renders mice sensitive to chemical colitis, the role of MTG16 in the small intestine is unknown. Histological examination revealed that Mtg16(-/-) mice have increased enterocyte proliferation and goblet cell deficiency. After exposure to radiation, Mtg16(-/-) mice exhibited increased crypt viability and decreased apoptosis compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Flow cytometric and immunofluorescence analysis of intestinal epithelial cells for phospho-histone H2A.X also indicated decreased DNA damage and apoptosis in Mtg16(-/-) intestines. To determine if Mtg16 deletion affected epithelial cells in a cell-autonomous fashion, intestinal crypts were isolated from Mtg16(-/-) mice. Mtg16(-/-) and WT intestinal crypts showed similar enterosphere forming efficiencies when cultured in the presence of EGF, Noggin, and R-spondin. However, when Mtg16(-/-) crypts were cultured in the presence of Wnt3a, they demonstrated higher enterosphere forming efficiencies and delayed progression to mature enteroids. Mtg16(-/-) intestinal crypts isolated from irradiated mice exhibited increased survival compared with WT intestinal crypts. Interestingly, Mtg16 expression was reduced in a stem cell-enriched population at the time of crypt regeneration. This is consistent with MTG16 negatively regulating regeneration in vivo. Taken together, our data demonstrate that MTG16 loss promotes radioresistance and impacts intestinal stem cell function, possibly due to shifting cellular response away from DNA damage-induced apoptosis and towards DNA repair after injury.

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“…Abdominal or pelvic radiotherapy is now commonly used for primary or adjunctive treatment of gynecological, genitourinary and colorectal malignancies. However, radiation-induced injury remains a major concern, as it may lead to urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, radiation enteritis and lymphedema of the lower extremities (5,8). Scrotal edema is a rare side effect of radiotherapy in men with pelvic cancer; Hunter and Peschel were the first to report persistent unilateral scrotal edema as a minor treatment-related complication of radiotherapy in 1989 (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent scrotal edema in a patient with radiation enteritis: A case report

Fan

Chen

Wang

et al. 2016

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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Abstract. Since its introduction as an alternative treatment technique, radiotherapy has been increasingly used as the medical treatment of choice for patients with malignant tumors. However, radiotherapy is associated with a number of common, well-described side effects, which may compromise the quality of life of the patients. Scrotal edema is an infrequent complication in patients who undergo pelvic irradiation, which is suspected to be due to lymphatic obstruction. An extensive literature search found no previous case report describing this complication in patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy. Herein, we present a case of recurrent scrotal edema in a 59-year-old man with prostate cancer and radiation enteritis. Conservative therapy was applied and was successful in relieving the symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of scrotal edema in a patient with radiation enteritis.

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Radiation Enteritis

Cited by 88 publications

References 117 publications

Rebamipide alleviates radiation‐induced colitis through improvement of goblet cell differentiation in mice

Rebamipide alleviates radiation‐induced colitis through improvement of goblet cell differentiation in mice

Transcriptional corepressor MTG16 regulates small intestinal crypt proliferation and crypt regeneration after radiation-induced injury

Recurrent scrotal edema in a patient with radiation enteritis: A case report

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