Radiation Effects on Silica-Based Preforms and Optical Fibers—I: Experimental Study With Canonical Samples

Assessment of Ge-doped optical fibre as a TL-mode detector

“…The first step is doped with 4,5 wt.% and the second is at a level of about 9 wt.%. Typical levels of chlorine impurity and OH-groups in the fibre are ~ 1200 ppm and ~ 60 ppb respectively [9,10].…”

Optical Fibers and Optical Fiber Sensors Used in Radiation Monitoring

“…The RIA is affected by: 1. the manufacturing conditions, the parameters related to the technology used in producing the optical fiber: the deposition conditions, the draw process characteristicsdraw speed, fiber drawing tension, the preform deposition temperature, oxygen-toreagent ratio (02/R) used during core and clad deposition (Friebele, 1991;Girard et al, 2006;Hanafusa et al, 1986); 2. the existence, prior to the irradiation, of some precursors (Miniscalco et al, 1986); 3. the dopants present in the optical fiber core or cladding (pure silica, or doped with Ce, Er, Ge, F, N, P, Yb, high-OH, low-OH, high-Cl, low-Cl, H2-loading), (Arvidsson et al, 2009;Berghmans, 2006;Berghmans et al, 2008;Bisutti et al, 2007;Brichard & Fernandez Fernandez, 2005;Friebele, 1991;Girard et al, 2004a;Girard et al, 2004b;Girard et al, 2008;Griscom et al, 1996;Henschel et al, 1992;Kuyt et al, 2006;Lu et al, 1999;Mady et al, 2010;Paul et al, 2009;Regnier et al, 2007;Vedda et al, 2004;Wijnands et al, 2007), in some situations such ingredients contribute to the radiation hardening (Brichard et al, 2004;Brichard & Fernandez Fernandez, 2005;Girard et al, 2009); 4. the residual substances remaining after the manufacturing process, as for example chlorine having an associated color center in the UV spectral range, which can extend into the visible Girard & Marcandella, 2010); 5. the type of radiation to which the optical fiber is subjected (Arvidsson et al, 2009;Bisutti et al, 2007;Brichard et al, 2001;Calderón et al, 2006;Girard et al, 2004a;Girard et al, 2004b;…”

“…core-cladding dopants and diameter ratio (Deparis et al, 1997;Friebele, 1991;Girard et al, 2004a;Girard et al, 2004b;Kuhnhenn, 2005;Paul et al, 2009), and by the multitude of color centers activated under the irradiation process, such as (Brichard & Fernandez Fernandez, 2005;Origlio, 2009): 1. Ge centers: GeE', Ge(1), Ge(2), GEC, GeX, Ge-NBOH (Non-Bridging Oxygen Hole) (Alessi et al, 2010 ;Bisutti et al, 2007;Girard et al, 2006 ;Girard et al, 2008;Lu et al, 1999;Wijnands et al, 2007) ; 2. P centers: P1, P2, P4, Phosphorus-Oxygen-Hole -POHC (Bisutti et al, 2007;Girard et al, 2006;Girard et al, 2011 ;Paul et al, 2009;Wijnands et al, 2007) ; 3. silica related paramagnetic centers (Non-Bridging Oxygen Hole -NBOHC, PerOxyRadical -POR, SiE', Self-Trapped Hole -STH 1/2) or diamagnetic centres (Oxygen Deficient Centre -ODC; Peroxy Linkage -POL), Girard et al, 2008).…”

“…Ge centers: GeE', Ge(1), Ge(2), GEC, GeX, Ge-NBOH (Non-Bridging Oxygen Hole) (Alessi et al, 2010 ;Bisutti et al, 2007;Girard et al, 2006 ;Girard et al, 2008;Lu et al, 1999;Wijnands et al, 2007) ; 2. P centers: P1, P2, P4, Phosphorus-Oxygen-Hole -POHC (Bisutti et al, 2007;Girard et al, 2006;Girard et al, 2011 ;Paul et al, 2009;Wijnands et al, 2007) ; 3. silica related paramagnetic centers (Non-Bridging Oxygen Hole -NBOHC, PerOxyRadical -POR, SiE', Self-Trapped Hole -STH 1/2) or diamagnetic centres (Oxygen Deficient Centre -ODC; Peroxy Linkage -POL), Girard et al, 2008). In order to distinguish the contribution of various color centers to the irradiation induced absorption in silica optical fibers, complementary investigations, apart from the off-line/online optical transmission measurements, were carried-out: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance -EPR Radiation effects, 2007;Sporea et al, 2010a;Weeks & Sonder, 1963), luminescence (Girard et al, 2005;Girard et al, 2006;Sporea et al, 2010a;Miniscalco et al, 1986), thermoluminescence (Espinosa et al, 2006;Hashim et al, 2008;Mady et al, 2010;Sporea et al, 2010b;Yaakob et al, 2011), confocal microscopy luminescence and Raman analysis Origlio, 2009), time resolved photoluminescence .…”

Approche couplée pour le développement de matériaux optiques résistants aux radiations

“…La présentation de notre approche et des premiers résultats obtenus a été publiée en 2008 sous la forme de deux articles complémentaires [11,12]. L'obtention d'un tel outil de prédiction nécessite en effet de travailler à de nombreux niveaux (cf Fig.…”