Radiation Effects on FR4 Printed Circuit Boards

Scheuer, Kevin; Holmes, Jason; Galyaev, Evgeny; Blyth, David; Alarcón, R.

doi:10.1109/tns.2020.2996536

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…e importance of the FR 4 substrate is it can maintain the most important property of electrical insulation and mechanical specification in both wet or dry conditions. In the proposed RFID reader antenna, FR 4 is used as a substrate as it exhibits better performance [17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Effects of the FR 4 Substrate Realized in a Circularly Polarized UHF‐RFID Reader Antenna with Fractal Geometry for Enhancing Parameters

Varadhan

Subramanian

Chamatu

2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The proposed RFID reader antenna progressed with perfect electric conductor (PEC) as the radiating element and FR 4 as the substrate to achieve circular polarization, enhancement in bandwidth, and read range. The design presents a CPW feed RFID antenna for near-field reading applications, between the range of 903 MHz to 929 MHz. The operating frequency of the proposed design is 900 MHz, axial ratio of the model is less than 3 dB, impedance bandwidth is 256 MHz, and axial bandwidth is 36 MHz, proving to be adequate for near-field RFID reader applications such as item-level tagging and smart shelf. The proposed antenna model is realized with fractal structure to achieve miniaturization. The developed antenna is optimized using EM software for numerical analysis. The designed antenna is fabricated, and the prototype is characterized in terms of dielectric constant and loss tangent. The obtained results indicate high correlation with simulation results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Effects of the FR 4 Substrate Realized in a Circularly Polarized UHF‐RFID Reader Antenna with Fractal Geometry for Enhancing Parameters

Varadhan

Subramanian

Chamatu

2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…Though any change in resistance of the FR4, which is an insulator, will not affect the sensor performance according to the equivalent circuit in figure 3, studying the impact is of interest due its wide use in PCBs. Information related to x-ray and neutron radiation effects on the FR-4 substrate is available [37,38], but not for proton radiation. To study the impact of proton radiation on FR-4 substrate, a sample similar to the sensor shown in figure 1(a) but without the nanotubes was subjected to the same proton beam energy and ON-OFF profile.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 150 MeV protons on carbon nanotubes for fabrication of a radiation detector

et al. 2021

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High energy and high flux protons are used in proton therapy and the impact of proton radiation is a major reliability concern for electronics and solar cells in low earth orbit as well as in the trapped belts. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to their unique characteristics, have been considered for the construction of proton and other radiation sensors. Here, a single wall CNT based proton sensor was fabricated on FR4 substrate and its response to 150 MeV proton irradiation was studied. The change in the resistance of the nanotubes upon irradiation is exploited as the sensing mechanism and the sensor shows good sensitivity to proton radiation. Proton radiation induces dissociation of ambient oxygen, followed by the adsorption of oxygen species on the nanotube surface, which influences its electrical characteristics. Since the nanotube film is thin and the 150 MeV protons are expected to penetrate into and interact with the substrate, control experiments were conducted to study the impact on FR4 substrate without the nanotubes. The dielectric loss tangent or dissipation factor of FR4 increases after irradiation due to an increase in the cross-linking of the resin arising from the degradation of the polymer network.

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“…When a preferable high-loss nonmagnetic specimen is inserted in the cavity, the Q of EFSRs (e.g., TE 103 ) is reduced whereas the center frequencies of them are not changed (or f s ¼ f c ), as represented in Figure 5. Also, Equation (5) shows an inverse ratio between the imaginary part of permittivity (IPP) (ε 00 ) and the cavity Q. The noise floor (NF) of the cavity is an important parameter to determine the minimum value of the perturbed cavity Q.…”

Section: Maximum Permittivity Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dielectric properties measurement has been received increased attention by researchers in recent years, due to the significance of sensitive applications such as the design of sensitive sensors for permittivity characterization of liquids with different volume capacity from milliliter 1 to microliter, 2 the measurement of dielectric properties in biomedical applications such as blood glucose concentration (BGC) sensing which employs the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) sensors, 3 thermosetting resins to provide a unique capability to correlate measurements between industry and the laboratory 4 or consideration of high radiation effects on printed circuit board (PCB) substrate, 5 biological, chemical and pharmaceutical application, 6 medical, 7 creativity in MIMO antenna design using dielectric property knowledge, 8 dielectric detection effects on rapid diagnosis of plant diseases in agriculture applications 9 . There are several standard test methods and approaches at microwave frequencies that cover the determination of dielectric materials with waveguide components 10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified rectangular resonant cavity utilizing frequency selective coupled end‐plate for dielectric constant measurement by perturbation technique

Karami

Rezaei

Bahari

2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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In this article, a modified rectangular resonant cavity consisting of a rectangular waveguide (RWG) and two frequency selective coupled (FSC) end‐plates with embedded parallel metallic strips (PMS) is proposed. The proposed FSC end‐plate converts the semi‐constant coupling mechanism of the conventional iris‐coupled end‐plate to the tunable FSC characteristics. This is due to adding capacitive coupling properties to inductive coupling characteristics of the conventional iris‐coupled end‐plate by embedding PMS inside the iris‐hole. So, the proposed FSC end‐plate enhances output power of the resonant frequency of the cavity. Consequently, the proposed modified cavity can determine the permittivity properties of the high‐loss specimens. Also, the parametric study of the effect of variation of the physical dimensions and position of these strips to tune and trim the performance of the proposed FSC end‐plate is presented. Also, the present study proposes an approach for determining the maximum complex permittivity with the rectangular resonant cavity perturbation method. Based on WR‐229 RWG specifications, conventional and investigated cavities are fabricated and measured. The evaluated results of the proposed configuration and conventional model indicate about 184% determination enhancement in the imaginary part of the dielectric constant. Also, this design is validated by distilled water specimen and TiO2 films at a various partial pressure of oxygen that are deposited by utilizing radio frequency magnetron sputtering technologies and their complex permittivity are determined by manufactured cavities.

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Radiation Effects on FR4 Printed Circuit Boards

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

[Retracted] Effects of the FR 4 Substrate Realized in a Circularly Polarized UHF‐RFID Reader Antenna with Fractal Geometry for Enhancing Parameters

[Retracted] Effects of the FR 4 Substrate Realized in a Circularly Polarized UHF‐RFID Reader Antenna with Fractal Geometry for Enhancing Parameters

Effect of 150 MeV protons on carbon nanotubes for fabrication of a radiation detector

A modified rectangular resonant cavity utilizing frequency selective coupled end‐plate for dielectric constant measurement by perturbation technique

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