Radiation effects in carbides: TiC and ZrC versus SiC

Early stages of phase formation before the ignition peak during mechanically induced self-propagating reactions (MSRs) of titanium and graphite

“…XPS fits of the C (1s) core level spectrum of milled powder before ignition show a characteristic BE of 280.9 eV, which we denote as Ti\ \C x bonds. The conventional XPS measurement of Ti\ \C bonds reportedly occurs within the range of 281.1-282.0 eV [8,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Consistent with the Raman spectroscopy result, we may attribute this characteristic Ti\ \C x peak to the presence of quantities of non-stoichiometric TiC.…”

“…The first three peaks (262, 424 and 612 cm − 1 ) are due to chemical bond vibrations consistent with non-stoichiometric TiC phase while the last two are associated with the A 1g and E 2g C\ \C bond vibrations of graphite particles [11][12][13][14]. A Raman signal associated with non-stoichiometric TiC reportedly occurs due to carbon deficiency and defect accumulation in the TiC during its formation [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…The C 1s core level fittings reveal BE of 281.6 eV in addition with the ones obtained before the ignition point (280.9 and 286.7 eV). The BE of 281.6 eV can be assign easily to Ti\ \C bonds [8,16,[18][19][20][21][22][23]. We may attribute the 281.6 peak to formation of stoichiometric quantities of the Ti\ \C.…”

“…3(b)). Two peaks having BE of Ti (2p 1/2 ) 464.4 eV and Ti (2p 3/2 ) 458.6 eV can be attributed to oxides of Ti while the other two doublets splitting are reported to be assigned to Ti\ \C bonds [16,[18][19][20][21][22]. The Ti\ \C bond signals are located at Ti (2p 1/2 ) 460.9 eV and Ti (2p 3/2 ) 454.8 eV binding energies and as shown in Table 1.…”

Ion irradiation and radiation effect characterization at the JANNUS-Saclay triple beam facility

“…For ceramics, Au ions are chosen for their chemical neutral effect. 17,18 Damage rate up to 10 dpa/h can be obtained with these ions. 3 He or 4 He ions are implanted for studies focusing on gas diffusion mechanisms.…”