Radiation dose to breast during digital mammography in Tanzania

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean glandular dose (MGD), to assess the potential for optimization, and to propose diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). MGD was estimated from air kerma measurements and patient information collected during mammography examinations. The 75th percentile values were determined as the third quartile of the median MGD values for all hospitals, and DRLs set as 75th percentile of MGD values. The estimated median values of MGD ranged from 1.5 to 3.9 mGy for craniocaudal projection for median range of 15–59 mm compressed breast thickness (CBT). For a CBT range of 15–63 mm, the median MGD value was 1.5–5.1 mGy for medio-lateral oblique projection. Comparison with other studies showed that the MGD values obtained in this study were relatively high. The magnitude and wide variation of the exposure parameters suggest existing potential for optimization. The training of radiology staff was identified as a top priority.

Bio-Chemoinformatics-Driven Analysis of nsp7 and nsp8 Mutations and Their Effects on Viral Replication Protein Complex Stability

“…Data statistical analysis (e.g., mean, standard error, 95% confidence interval, violin plot) was calculated using DataTab 2024 (e.U. Graz, Austria), https://datatab.net (last accessed on 1 January 2024) [33].…”