Radiation Dose in the Thyroid and the Thyroid Cancer Risk Attributable to CT Scans for Pediatric Patients in One General Hospital of China

Su, Yinping; Niu, Hao-wei; Chen, Jun‐Bo; Fu, Yinghua; Xiao, Guobing; Sun, Qiang

doi:10.3390/ijerph110302793

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Since radiation is able to induce severe DNA lesions and is associated with thyroid carcinogenesis, people who are genetically sensitive to radiation may experience an increased risk of thyroid cancer [10]. Furthermore, DNA damage may contribute to both genetic instability and carcinogenesis, which could occur through different pathways (e.g., exogenous carcinogens, endogenously-produced reactive oxygen metabolites).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Studies Between XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3 Polymorphisms and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Yan¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2016

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: DNA HRR pathway and BER pathway play vital roles in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) development, thus we supposed that polymorphisms of XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3 DNA repair genes are associated with thyroid cancer risk and progression. Methods: We searched the NCBI database for relevant literatures to determine eight SNPs to be included in our study (XRCC1: rs25487, rs25489, rs1799782; XRCC2: rs3218536; XRCC3: rs1799794, rs56377012, rs1799796, rs861539). Results: SNP of rs25487 was linked with a 53% decrease in DTC risk (OR: 0.47; 95%CI: 0.268-0.82; P = 0.01). For SNP of rs1799782, the homozygous TT genotype indicated a statistically significant 2-fold increased risk of DTC (OR: 2.09; 95%CI: 1.27-3.43; P < 0.001) after multivariate adjustment. For SNP of rs861539, the homozygous TT genotype suggested statistically significant 3-fold increased risk of DTC (OR: 3.02; 95%CI: 1.68-5.42; P < 0.001). No significant association between the other five SNPs and DTC risk. Besides that, female was linked with 47% increase in DTC risk (OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.062-2.04; P = 0.02) after multivariate adjustment. Similar results for most of the SNPs were obtained from subgroup analysis by different histological types of DTC. Haplotype analysis revealed that AGC and GGT haplotypes of XRCC1 polymorphisms were associated with DTC. Moreover, results from gene-gene interaction showed that XRCC1-rs25487, XRCC1- rs1799782 and XRCC3- rs861539 variants jointly contributed to a specifically increased risk of DTC, with the combination variant of rs1799782-CT heterozygote and rs861539-TT homozygote exhibiting a higher 3.66-fold risk of DTC (OR: 3.66; 95% CI: 1.476-9.091, P = 0.005). Conclusion: Polymorphisms of XRCC1 (rs25487, rs1799782) and XRCC3 (rs861539), may play a critical role in DTC development and progression. Furthermore, XRCC1 variant can interact with XRCC3 variant to significantly increase DTC susceptibility. Identifying these genetic risk markers could provide evidence for exploring the insight pathogenesis and develop novel therapeutic strategies for DTC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Studies Between XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3 Polymorphisms and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Yan¹,

Li²,

Li³

et al. 2016

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Hence, if the area coverage includes more toward the lower part, the ESD increases and if the area covered is more on the upper part ESD decreases. In the study conducted by Su et al [9], the thyroid doses were estimated to be 1.10-2.45 mGy for CT head scan. This variation in the ESD values could be because of the fact that the result was derived from pediatric patients who underwent CT head scans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value increased to nearly 2.4 times [8]. In China, there was an increase in the incident of thyroid cancer by 14.51% from 2003 to 2007 [9]. Internationally, there was an increase of 48% in males and 66.7% in females [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Estimation of Entrance Surface Radiation Dose to Thyroid Region in Computed Tomography Brain Examination

Visakh¹,

Sukumar²,

Pradhan³

2019

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the entrance surface radiation dose to the thyroid region in a computed tomography (CT) brain scan.Methods: Unfors Multi-O-Meter equipment was used to measure the entrance surface at the thyroid region of adult patients ranging from 18 to 70 years of age. A total of 115 patients were included in the study based on convenience sampling. The Multi-O-Meter was kept at the thyroid region during the scan, and the values for entrance surface dose (ESD) were noted from its monitor after the scan was complete.Results: The obtained data were analyzed and violate normal distribution; therefore, the median and quartiles were computed. The overall median (Q1, Q2), ESD of the patients, was 1.335 (1.213, 1.529) mGy. The minimum and maximum dose values recorded were 1.015 mGy and 1.964 mGy, respectively.Conclusions: The result showed a significant amount of entrance surface radiation dose to the thyroid region while taking a brain scan. This data can be used for optimization of radiation protection while undergoing CT scans of brain to reduce exposure to thyroid region.

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“…Most of them have reported radiation exposure and potential subsequent risks based on dedicated CT protocols, for example, for monitoring of cystic fibrosis (de Jong et al , 2006), detection of renal calculi (Kuhns et al , 2011), treatment of neurovascular diseases (Raelson et al , 2009), low-dose chest scan (Niemann et al , 2015), or coronary angiography (Huang et al , 2009). Few other studies have projected risks per scan from standard paediatric CT protocols, for example, in the United States (Li et al , 2011), France (Journy et al , 2014), and China (Su et al , 2014). None, to our knowledge, has previously considered routine practices in the United Kingdom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projected cancer risks potentially related to past, current, and future practices in paediatric CT in the United Kingdom, 1990–2020

et al. 2016

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Background:To project risks of developing cancer and the number of cases potentially induced by past, current, and future computed tomography (CT) scans performed in the United Kingdom in individuals aged <20 years.Methods:Organ doses were estimated from surveys of individual scan parameters and CT protocols used in the United Kingdom. Frequencies of scans were estimated from the NHS Diagnostic Imaging Dataset. Excess lifetime risks (ELRs) of radiation-related cancer were calculated as cumulative lifetime risks, accounting for survival probabilities, using the RadRAT risk assessment tool.Results:In 2000–2008, ELRs ranged from 0.3 to 1 per 1000 head scans and 1 to 5 per 1000 non-head scans. ELRs per scan were reduced by 50–70% in 2000–2008 compared with 1990–1995, subsequent to dose reduction over time. The 130 750 scans performed in 2015 in the United Kingdom were projected to induce 64 (90% uncertainty interval (UI): 38–113) future cancers. Current practices would lead to about 300 (90% UI: 230–680) future cancers induced by scans performed in 2016–2020.Conclusions:Absolute excess risks from single exposures would be low compared with background risks, but even small increases in annual CT rates over the next years would substantially increase the number of potential subsequent cancers.

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Radiation Dose in the Thyroid and the Thyroid Cancer Risk Attributable to CT Scans for Pediatric Patients in One General Hospital of China

Cited by 32 publications

References 22 publications

Association Studies Between XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3 Polymorphisms and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Association Studies Between XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3 Polymorphisms and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma

Estimation of Entrance Surface Radiation Dose to Thyroid Region in Computed Tomography Brain Examination

Projected cancer risks potentially related to past, current, and future practices in paediatric CT in the United Kingdom, 1990–2020

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