Radiation Cytogenetics: The Color Revolution

Durante, Marco

doi:10.1007/1-4020-4956-0_24

Cited by 1 publication

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“…The classical theory of radiation action, developed by Douglas Lea almost a century ago ( 1 ), is largely based on CA data, and its basic principles are considered still valid today. With the discovery of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), radiation cytogenetics entered in the “color” era ( 2 ) and many more details on the formation of radiation-induced CA could be discovered, especially those involving symmetrical-type rearrangements, complex-type exchanges, and intrachromosomal exchanges. Studies on molecular pathways of DNA damage response have largely increased our understanding of the link between the initial DNA lesions, especially double-strand breaks (DSB), and the formation of CA ( 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-Induced Chromosomal Aberrations and Immunotherapy: Micronuclei, Cytosolic DNA, and Interferon-Production Pathway

2018

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Radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations represent an early marker of late effects, including cell killing and transformation. The measurement of cytogenetic damage in tissues, generally in blood lymphocytes, from patients treated with radiotherapy has been studied for many years to predict individual sensitivity and late morbidity. Acentric fragments are lost during mitosis and create micronuclei (MN), which are well correlated to cell killing. Immunotherapy is rapidly becoming a most promising new strategy for metastatic tumors, and combination with radiotherapy is explored in several pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. Recent evidence has shown that the presence of cytosolic DNA activates immune response via the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes pathway, which induces type I interferon transcription. Cytosolic DNA can be found after exposure to ionizing radiation either as MN or as small fragments leaking through nuclear envelope ruptures. The study of the dependence of cytosolic DNA and MN on dose and radiation quality can guide the optimal combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. The role of densely ionizing charged particles is under active investigation to define their impact on the activation of the interferon pathway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%