Radiation conditions of a mission to Jupiter and Europa

Podzolko, M. V.; Getselev, I. V.; Gubar, Yu. I.; Veselovsky, I. S.

doi:10.1134/s0038094609020038

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Radiation For each of its few orbits through the inner radiation belts the Galileo spacecraft was accumulating 30-40 krad per crossing behind an equivalent shielding of 2.2 g/cm 2 aluminum [3,50], in agreement with estimates from radiation belt models [136]. At the center of the radiation belts core, the same models estimate dose rates that can be as high as 200 or 100 krad/day behind 2.2 or 5.0 g/cm 2 aluminum, respectively.…”

Section: Massmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…From the missions that have been or are being used to gain insights into Jupiter's radiation belts (Table 1), none was designed to investigate all elements of this multi-component system in a comprehensive way. To minimize radiation exposure, spacecraft orbits or operations are often planned in ways that avoid the belts' core region where extreme levels of particle radiation are expected [136]. This region is roughly located inward of Io's orbit at ∼5.9 R J and at low magnetic latitudes (1 R J = 71492 km, a jovian radius).…”

Section: Observational Challenges and Missing Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The in-situ exploration of Jupiter’s radiation belts

et al. 2021

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Jupiter has the most complex and energetic radiation belts in our Solar System and one of the most challenging space environments to measure and characterize in-depth. Their hazardous environment is also a reason why so many spacecraft avoid flying directly through their most intense regions, thus explaining how Jupiter’s radiation belts have kept many of their secrets so well hidden, despite having been studied for decades. In this paper we argue why these secrets are worth unveiling. Jupiter’s radiation belts and the vast magnetosphere that encloses them constitute an unprecedented physical laboratory, suitable for interdisciplinary and novel scientific investigations: from studying fundamental high energy plasma physics processes which operate throughout the Universe, such as adiabatic charged particle acceleration and nonlinear wave-particle interactions, to exploiting the astrobiological consequences of energetic particle radiation. The in-situ exploration of the uninviting environment of Jupiter’s radiation belts presents us with many challenges in mission design, science planning, instrumentation, and technology. We address these challenges by reviewing the different options that exist for direct and indirect observations of this unique system. We stress the need for new instruments, the value of synergistic Earth and Jupiter-based remote sensing and in-situ investigations, and the vital importance of multi-spacecraft in-situ measurements. While simultaneous, multi-point in-situ observations have long become the standard for exploring electromagnetic interactions in the inner Solar System, they have never taken place at Jupiter or any strongly magnetized planet besides Earth. We conclude that a dedicated multi-spacecraft mission to Jupiter is an essential and obvious way forward for exploring the planet’s radiation belts. Besides guaranteeing numerous discoveries and huge leaps in our understanding of radiation belt systems, such a mission would also enable us to view Jupiter, its extended magnetosphere, moons, and rings under new light, with great benefits for space, planetary, and astrophysical sciences. For all these reasons, in-situ investigations of Jupiter’s radiation belts deserve to be given a high priority in the future exploration of our Solar System. This article is based on a White Paper submitted in response to the European Space Agency’s call for science themes for its Voyage 2050 programme.

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Section: Massmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Observational Challenges and Missing Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in-situ exploration of Jupiter’s radiation belts

et al. 2021

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“…Aside from the verification previously discussed during the development of the JovianSpecGen tool, additional verification was performed by comparing dose rates estimated by Moscow State University and the Russian Academy of Sciences [14]. In this paper, radiation conditions in Jupiter's environment are estimated, and particular attention is given to doses in the orbit of Europa, one of Jupiter's moons.…”

Section: Jovian Eand P + Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Estimating Dose from Galactic Cosmic Rays and Jovian Radiation Belts on Reduced-Order Monte Carlo Geometries

Swinney¹,

Smith²

2021

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This document outlines the methods and tools developed to estimate dose rates from galactic cosmic rays and the trapped radiation belts surrounding Jupiter using Monte Carlo particle transport software. Furthermore, the techniques described here are specific for translating highresolution MAVRIC models to analogous but lower resolution Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport (MCNP) code models to estimate charged particle effects on models originally developed to study neutral particles only. This capability was initially developed to predict doses to various components of dynamic radioisotope power systems for spaceflight applications, but the tools and methods can be easily applied to other problem geometries and expanded to other space radiation environments.

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“…We intend to revisit the part selection for application‐specific environments in the future. In the meantime, the technology can be adapted for operation in higher‐radiation space environments using appropriate shielding [ Podzolko et al , ].…”

Section: Hardware Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature atomic scalar magnetometer for space based on the rubidium isotope ⁸⁷Rb

et al. 2016

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A miniature atomic scalar magnetometer based on the rubidium isotope 87 Rb was developed for operation in space. The instrument design implements both M x and M z mode operation and leverages a novel microelectromechanical system (MEMS) fabricated vapor cell and a custom silicon‐on‐sapphire (SOS) complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit. The vapor cell has a volume of only 1 mm 3 so that it can be efficiently heated to its operating temperature by a specially designed, low‐magnetic‐field‐generating resistive heater implemented in multiple metal layers of the transparent sapphire substrate of the SOS‐CMOS chips. The SOS‐CMOS chip also hosts the Helmholtz coil and associated circuitry to stimulate the magnetically sensitive atomic resonance and temperature sensors. The prototype instrument has a total mass of fewer than 500 g and uses less than 1 W of power, while maintaining a sensitivity of 15 pT/√Hz at 1 Hz, comparable to present state‐of‐the‐art absolute magnetometers.

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Radiation conditions of a mission to Jupiter and Europa

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

The in-situ exploration of Jupiter’s radiation belts

The in-situ exploration of Jupiter’s radiation belts

Methods for Estimating Dose from Galactic Cosmic Rays and Jovian Radiation Belts on Reduced-Order Monte Carlo Geometries

Miniature atomic scalar magnetometer for space based on the rubidium isotope ⁸⁷Rb

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Radiation conditions of a mission to Jupiter and Europa

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

The in-situ exploration of Jupiter’s radiation belts

The in-situ exploration of Jupiter’s radiation belts

Methods for Estimating Dose from Galactic Cosmic Rays and Jovian Radiation Belts on Reduced-Order Monte Carlo Geometries

Miniature atomic scalar magnetometer for space based on the rubidium isotope 87Rb

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Miniature atomic scalar magnetometer for space based on the rubidium isotope ⁸⁷Rb