Radiation and microgravity effects observed in the insect system Carausius morosus

Reitz, Guenther; Bücker, H.; Lindberg, Carl; Hiendl, O.C.; Rüther, W.; Graul, E.H.; Beaujean, R.; Alpatov, A.M.; Ushakov, I.A.; Zachvatkin, Y.H.

doi:10.1016/1359-0189(92)90103-3

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This was achieved by maintaining low temperatures at all stages prior to and after the actual experiment in space. A preliminary experiment performed on IML-1 under non-ideal conditions indicated reduced repair under microgravity [12,13], and the results which were presumably due to uncontrolled temperatures during transport could not be confirmed by the experiment described here. It was flown on the NASA shuttle ATLANTIS flight STS-76 in March 1996 and had the internal code name XRAY.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…This has been made possible by very careful control of all variables during all phases of this experiment, contrary to the preliminary investigation on IML-1. The reduced repair reported in this study [12,13] has to be attributed to uncontrolled temperature conditions during transport. This demonstrates that space experiments require a very stringent experimental protocol and that reports claiming microgravity effects have to be treated with caution if these conditions were not met.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

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Repair of cellular radiation damage in space under microgravity conditions

Pross¹,

Kiefer²

1999

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics

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The influence of microgravity on the repair of x-ray-induced DNA double-strand breaks was studied in the temperature-conditional repair mutant rad54-3 of diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cells were exposed on the ground and kept at a low temperature until microgravity conditions were achieved. In orbit, they were incubated at the permissive temperature to allow repair. Before re-entry they were again cooled down and kept at a low temperature until final analysis. The experiment, which was flown on the shuttle Atlantis on flight STS-76 (SMM-03), showed that repair of pre-formed DNA double-strand breaks in yeast is not impaired by microgravity.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Repair of cellular radiation damage in space under microgravity conditions

Pross¹,

Kiefer²

1999

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics

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“…Experimental support in favor of this hypothesis has been provided by Biostack space experiments on the embryonic development of the stick insect Carausius morosus. An increased number of embryos developed malformations after being hit by an HZE particle under microgravity conditions (215). It has been suggested that microgravity interferes with the operation of cellular repair processes of DNA damaged by radiation, leading to an increase in the radiation response during spaceflight (194; reviewed in reference 92).…”

Section: Interactions Of Microgravity and Radiation In Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Microbiology

Horneck

Klaus

Mancinelli

2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

559

489

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SUMMARY The responses of microorganisms (viruses, bacterial cells, bacterial and fungal spores, and lichens) to selected factors of space (microgravity, galactic cosmic radiation, solar UV radiation, and space vacuum) were determined in space and laboratory simulation experiments. In general, microorganisms tend to thrive in the space flight environment in terms of enhanced growth parameters and a demonstrated ability to proliferate in the presence of normally inhibitory levels of antibiotics. The mechanisms responsible for the observed biological responses, however, are not yet fully understood. A hypothesized interaction of microgravity with radiation-induced DNA repair processes was experimentally refuted. The survival of microorganisms in outer space was investigated to tackle questions on the upper boundary of the biosphere and on the likelihood of interplanetary transport of microorganisms. It was found that extraterrestrial solar UV radiation was the most deleterious factor of space. Among all organisms tested, only lichens (Rhizocarpon geographicum and Xanthoria elegans) maintained full viability after 2 weeks in outer space, whereas all other test systems were inactivated by orders of magnitude. Using optical filters and spores of Bacillus subtilis as a biological UV dosimeter, it was found that the current ozone layer reduces the biological effectiveness of solar UV by 3 orders of magnitude. If shielded against solar UV, spores of B. subtilis were capable of surviving in space for up to 6 years, especially if embedded in clay or meteorite powder (artificial meteorites). The data support the likelihood of interplanetary transfer of microorganisms within meteorites, the so-called lithopanspermia hypothesis.

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“…Since 1970s, valuable investigations have been carried out regarding the bio‐effects that result from space radiation and microgravity, especially the BioStack work (Benton, Benton, et al, ; Benton, Frank, et al, ; Bücker & Horneck, ; Bücker et al, ; Curtis, ; Dudkin et al, ; Facius et al, , ; Horneck, , , , , , ; Horneck et al, , ; Karganov et al, ; Reitz et al, , ; Vanhavere et al, ). The BioStack experiments were successfully conducted on Apollo 16, 17, ASTP, Spacelab 1, IML‐1, LDEF, and Cosmos 1887 and 2044.…”

Section: Bio‐effects Of Ionization Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs) are the best passive detectors for the measurement of radiation and location of incident heavy ions (Benton & Benton, 2001;Heinrich et al, 1994aHeinrich et al, , 1994bNCRP, 2002;Zhou, 2012). CR-39 PNTDs are widely used in research on space radiation, radiation bio-effects, and the synergistic effects of radiation and microgravity (Horneck, 1992(Horneck, , 1999Horneck et al, 1996Horneck et al, , 1997Pross et al, 2000Pross et al, , 1994Reitz et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Measured for Chinese Satellite SJ‐10 Space Mission

et al. 2018

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s Space biological effects are mainly a result of space radiation particles with high linear energy transfer (LET); therefore, accurate measurement of high LET space radiation is vital. The radiation in low Earth orbits is composed mainly of high‐energy galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), solar energetic particles, particles of radiation belts, the South Atlantic Anomaly, and the albedo neutrons and protons scattered from the Earth's atmosphere. CR‐39 plastic nuclear track detectors sensitive to high LET are the best passive detectors to measure space radiation. The LET method that employs CR‐39 can measure all the radiation LET spectra and quantities. CR‐39 detectors can also record the incident directions and coordinates of GCR heavy ions that pass through both CR‐39 and biosamples, and the impact parameter, the distance between the particle's incident point and the seed's spore, can then be determined. The radiation characteristics and impact parameter of GCR heavy ions are especially beneficial for in‐depth research regarding space radiation biological effects. The payload returnable satellite SJ‐10 provided an excellent opportunity to investigate space radiation biological effects with CR‐39 detectors. The space bio‐effects experiment was successfully conducted on board the SJ‐10 satellite. This paper introduces space radiation in low Earth orbits and the LET method in radiation‐related research and presents the results of nuclear tracks and biosamples hitting distributions of GCR heavy ions, the radiation LET spectra, and the quantities measured for the SJ‐10 space mission. The SJ‐10 bio‐experiment indicated that radiation may produce significant bio‐effects.

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Radiation and microgravity effects observed in the insect system Carausius morosus

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Repair of cellular radiation damage in space under microgravity conditions

Repair of cellular radiation damage in space under microgravity conditions

Space Microbiology

Radiation Measured for Chinese Satellite SJ‐10 Space Mission

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