Radiance Distribution in the Upper Layers of the Sea

Jerlov, N. G.; Fukuda, M.

doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1960.tb01319.x

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In spite of these obvious experimental difficulties, a few determinations were made before World War II (Jerlov and Liljequist 1938;Pettersson 1938). Yet, an internally baffled tube (often called a Gershun tube), with an aperture limiting the acceptance angle and isolating a dV solid angle in a given direction at one end and at the other end a detector, provides a simple means of measuring radiance as defined above.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jerlov and Fukuda (1960) made measurements down to 30 m in a vertical plane with a fixed azimuth orientation by guiding the instrument along a taut wire anchored in Gullmar Fjord. Jerlov and Fukuda (1960) made measurements down to 30 m in a vertical plane with a fixed azimuth orientation by guiding the instrument along a taut wire anchored in Gullmar Fjord.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work required the development of analytical techniques to numerically solve the RTE [see, e.g., review in Jerlov (1976) and in Zaneveld (1974)]. This work required the development of analytical techniques to numerically solve the RTE [see, e.g., review in Jerlov (1976) and in Zaneveld (1974)].…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Underwater Radiance Distributions Measured with Miniaturized Multispectral Radiance Cameras

Antoine

Morel

Leymarie

et al. 2013

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Miniaturized radiance cameras measuring underwater multispectral radiances in all directions at highradiometric accuracy (CE600) are presented. The camera design is described, as well as the main steps of its optical and radiometric characterization and calibration. The results show the excellent optical quality of the specifically designed fish-eye objective. They also show the low noise and excellent linearity of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detector array that is used. Initial results obtained in various oceanic environments demonstrate the potential of this instrument to provide new measurements of the underwater radiance distribution from the sea surface to dimly lit layers at depth. Excellent agreement is obtained between nadir radiances measured with the camera and commercial radiometers. Comparison of the upwelling radiance distributions measured with the CE600 and those obtained with another radiance camera also shows a very close agreement. The CE600 measurements allow all apparent optical properties (AOPs) to be determined from integration of the radiance distributions and inherent optical properties (IOPs) to be determined from inversion of the AOPs. This possibility represents a significant advance for marine optics by tying all optical properties to the radiometric standard and avoiding the deployment of complex instrument packages to collect AOPs and IOPs simultaneously (except when it comes to partitioning IOPs into their component parts).

show abstract

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Underwater Radiance Distributions Measured with Miniaturized Multispectral Radiance Cameras

Antoine

Morel

Leymarie

et al. 2013

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The underwater radiance distribution is therefore the fundamental radiometric quantity from which all other optical quantities are derived. Because of this fundamental importance, measurement of the radiance distribution received a great deal of interest in the mid‐1900s [e.g., Jerlov and Fukuda , 1960; Lundgren and Højerslev , 1971; Sasaki et al , 1958; Tyler , 1960]. It is perhaps surprising however, that there have been few subsequent direct observations until recently [ Voss et al , 2003].…”

Section: Background and Basesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative estimation of the underwater radiance distribution

Lewis

Wei

Dommelen³

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] Within the Radiance in a Dynamic Ocean (RaDyO) program, we have created and deployed a high dynamic range camera that can resolve the full spherical radiance distribution at the ocean surface and at depth. We present here the first results from deployments of the camera in near-surface water in eutrophic, mesotropic, and oligotropic environments. The instrument resolves the dynamics and fine structure of both the downwelling and upwelling radiance distribution and its variation with depth in these optically diverse water types. The various irradiances (E d , E u , E o , E ou , and E od ) are computed by integration. The distribution functions (e.g., the average cosines) are computed directly, as are the various diffuse attenuation coefficients. The fully specified radiance field therefore provides all the pertinent information to derive not only all of the apparent optical properties but, in principle, the inherent optical properties such as the absorption coefficient and the phase function as well. Comparison of the measured radiance field to independent measurements has shown very good agreement.

show abstract

“…While in the upper layers of the open ocean the radiance distribution of light is strongly dependent upon the position of the sun, with increasing depth the underwater radiance distribution becomes more symmetrical about the vertical axis [38]. At a certain depth this can be approximated as being cylindrically symmetric about the vertical axis [9,39,40]. In this ideal open-ocean light environment, a vertical 100% reflective mirror provides an ideal form of camouflage, perfectly matching the intensity and spectral properties of the background light field (see fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of the intrinsic polarization properties of animal optical materials creates enhanced structural reflectivity and camouflage

Feller

Jordan

Wilby

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many animals use structural coloration to create bright and conspicuous visual signals. Selection of the size and shape of the optical structures animals use defines both the colour and intensity of the light reflected. The material used to create these reflectors is also important; however, animals are restricted to a limited number of materials: commonly chitin, guanine and the protein, reflectin. In this work we highlight that a particular set of material properties can also be under selection in order to increase the optical functionality of structural reflectors. Specifically, polarization properties, such as birefringence (the difference between the refractive indices of a material) and chirality (which relates to molecular asymmetry) are both under selection to create enhanced structural reflectivity. We demonstrate that the structural coloration of the gold beetle Chrysina resplendens and silvery reflective sides of the Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus are two examples of this phenomenon. Importantly, these polarization properties are not selected to control the polarization of the reflected light as a source of visual information per se. Instead, by creating higher levels of reflectivity than are otherwise possible, such internal polarization properties improve intensity-matching camouflage.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Animal coloration: production, perception, function and application’.

show abstract

Radiance Distribution in the Upper Layers of the Sea

Cited by 23 publications

References 2 publications

Underwater Radiance Distributions Measured with Miniaturized Multispectral Radiance Cameras

Underwater Radiance Distributions Measured with Miniaturized Multispectral Radiance Cameras

Quantitative estimation of the underwater radiance distribution

Selection of the intrinsic polarization properties of animal optical materials creates enhanced structural reflectivity and camouflage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About