Radiance and photon noise: imaging in geometrical optics, physical optics, quantum optics and radiology

Caucci, Luca; Myers, Kyle J.; Barrett, Harrison H.

doi:10.1117/1.oe.55.1.013102

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Each detected particle can be characterized by an attribute vector ( r d , s , E ), where r d = ( x d , y d ) is the 2D position of the particle at the detector plane, s = ( s x , s y ) is the direction cosines representing the propagation direction, and E is the residual energy. A statistical ensemble of particles is described by a phase-space distribution function, which is referred to as the radiance in the imaging literature 1 , 2 . The radiance of the charged-particles at the entrance plane of the detector is related to the object through where is a propagation operator describing the interaction between the charged particles and tissue.…”

Section: Mathematical Model Of Cpetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The information is often carried by photons and charged particles. The physical processes involved in photon and particle transport include emission, absorption, scattering, propagation and detection 1 . Each process affects the performance of an imaging system in a complicated way, but these effects in combination can be characterized by null functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Null functions in three-dimensional imaging of alpha and beta particles

Ding

Caucci

Barrett

2017

Sci Rep

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Null functions of an imaging system are functions in the object space that give exactly zero data. Hence, they represent the intrinsic limitations of the imaging system. Null functions exist in all digital imaging systems, because these systems map continuous objects to discrete data. However, the emergence of detectors that measure continuous data, e.g. particle-processing (PP) detectors, has the potential to eliminate null functions. PP detectors process signals produced by each particle and estimate particle attributes, which include two position coordinates and three components of momentum, as continuous variables. We consider Charged-Particle Emission Tomography (CPET), which relies on data collected by a PP detector to reconstruct the 3D distribution of a radioisotope that emits alpha or beta particles, and show empirically that the null functions are significantly reduced for alpha particles if ≥3 attributes are measured or for beta particles with five attributes measured.

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Section: Mathematical Model Of Cpetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Null functions in three-dimensional imaging of alpha and beta particles

Ding

Caucci

Barrett

2017

Sci Rep

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“…The most general form for the mean output g m (calculated by imaging the same object over and over again) is [8]: ; t is the spectral photon radiance at point R for photon energyE, time t and along direction s ! [8,9]. In Eq.…”

Section: Intensified Charge-coupled Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full information from a photon-processing detector is retained if we simply store the N estimated attributes for each of J photons as the list b A , but an equivalent construction as a random point process in attribute space offers new theoretical insights. From b A , we introduce this point process as [3,9] u A ðÞ ¼…”

Section: Mathematical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Methods for Photon-Counting and Photon- Processing Detectors

Caucci¹,

Ding²,

Barrett³

2018

Photon Counting - Fundamentals and Applications

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We present computational methods for attribute estimation of photon-counting and photon-processing detectors. We define a photon-processing detector as any imaging device that uses maximum-likelihood methods to estimate photon attributes, such as position, direction of propagation and energy. Estimated attributes are then stored at full precision in the memory of a computer. Accurate estimation of a large number of attributes for each collected photon does require considerable computational power. We show how mass-produced graphics processing units (GPUs) are viable parallel computing solutions capable of meeting the required computing needs of photon-counting and photonprocessing detectors, while keeping overall costs affordable.

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“…Inspired by research on list‐mode data and photon‐processing detectors, a new detector concept — particle‐processing detector (PPD) — is introduced. PPDs detect single particles, and for each detected particle, they measure a set of attributes, which may include the interaction position, the propagation direction, and the residual energy of the particle.…”

Section: Particle‐processing Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charged-particle emission tomography

2017

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PurposeConventional charged-particle imaging techniques —such as autoradiography —provide only two-dimensional (2D) black ex vivo images of thin tissue slices. In order to get volumetric information, images of multiple thin slices are stacked. This process is time consuming and prone to distortions, as registration of 2D images is required. We propose a direct three-dimensional (3D) autoradiography technique, which we call charged-particle emission tomography (CPET). This 3D imaging technique enables imaging of thick tissue sections, thus increasing laboratory throughput and eliminating distortions due to registration. CPET also has the potential to enable in vivo charged-particle imaging with a window chamber or an endoscope.MethodsOur approach to charged-particle emission tomography uses particle-processing detectors (PPDs) to estimate attributes of each detected particle. The attributes we estimate include location, direction of propagation, and/or the energy deposited in the detector. Estimated attributes are then fed into a reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct the 3D distribution of charged-particle-emitting radionuclides. Several setups to realize PPDs are designed. Reconstruction algorithms for CPET are developed.ResultsReconstruction results from simulated data showed that a PPD enables CPET if the PPD measures more attributes than just the position from each detected particle. Experiments showed that a two-foil charged-particle detector is able to measure the position and direction of incident alpha particles.ConclusionsWe proposed a new volumetric imaging technique for charged-particle-emitting radionuclides, which we have called charged-particle emission tomography (CPET). We also proposed a new class of charged-particle detectors, which we have called particle-processing detectors (PPDs). When a PPD is used to measure the direction and/or energy attributes along with the position attributes, CPET is feasible.

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Radiance and photon noise: imaging in geometrical optics, physical optics, quantum optics and radiology

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Null functions in three-dimensional imaging of alpha and beta particles

Null functions in three-dimensional imaging of alpha and beta particles

Computational Methods for Photon-Counting and Photon- Processing Detectors

Charged-particle emission tomography

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