“…Lithium-tellurium (Li-Te) batteries have attracted increasing attention owing to their high theoretical volume capacity ( Liu et al, 2014 ; Ding et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2017 ; Li G. et al, 2018 ; Yin et al, 2018 ; Wenjie Han et al, 2021 ), excellent electronic conductivity ( He et al, 2017 ), and relieved shuttle effects compared to Li-sulfur, Li-selenium batteries ( Yang et al, 2013 ; Eftekhari, 2017 ; Li Y. et al, 2018 ; Fan et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020 ; Yu et al, 2020 ; Dai et al, 2021 ; Sun et al, 2021 ; Xiao et al, 2021 ). However, the huge volume expansion of Te severely deteriorates its practical applications towards the newly emerged battery systems.…”