Radial variation of earlywood vessel lumen diameter as an indicator of the juvenile growth period in ash ( Fraxinus excelsior L.)

Heliñska-Raczkowska, L.; Fabisiak, E.

doi:10.1007/s001070050059

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…4A) in general follows the sigmoidal curve reported for Fraxinus excelsior (Helińska-Raczkowska and Fabisiak, 1999) and other ring-porous species. Our data are consistent with the above authors' findings that the diameter of early vessel increases along with the cambial age of the respective annual growth rings up to approximately the 20th to 30th growth ring (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Diminished vessel diameter as a possible factor in the decline of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)

2010

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Keywords:earlywood vessels / hydraulic conductivity / Fraxinus excelsior / tree decline / wood annual increments Abstract • The aim of this work was to examine the anatomy and functioning of secondary xylem in stems in relation to the decline of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.).• We tested the hypothesis that declining trees show changes in the structure of wood, which result in impaired water transport.• Anatomical analyses were carried out on wood samples (comprising all annual rings formed during the 30 years life of the analysed trees) collected at breast height from the main stem of healthy, weakened and dead ash trees. The width of annual wood increments, the diameter and density of earlywood vessels were measured and the theoretical hydraulic conductivity index through the secondary xylem calculated by application of Hagen-Poisseuille's formula.• Anatomical characteristics changed both with the age of trees and in response to unfavorable factors. The largest vessels were observed in healthy trees, which implied that they had the highest hydraulic conductivity index, whereas trees considered to be in decline produce smaller vessels and hence had reduced conductivity. Mots-clés :vaisseaux du bois initial / conductivité hydraulique / Fraxinus excelsior / dépérissement des arbres / accroissements annuels du bois Résumé -La diminution du diamètre des vaisseaux, un facteur possible du dépérissement de Fraxinus excelsior L.• Le but de ce travail était d'étudier l'anatomie et le fonctionnement du xylème secondaire dans le tronc en relation avec le dépérissement de Fraxinus excelsior L.• Nous avons testé l'hypothèse selon laquelle les arbres dépérissants présentent des changements dans la structure du bois, qui se traduisent par un dysfonctionnement du transport de l'eau.• Des analyses anatomiques ont été effectuées sur des échantillons de bois (comprenant tous les cernes formés au cours des 30 années de vie des arbres analysés) recueillis à hauteur de poitrine sur la tige principale d'arbres sains, affaiblis ou morts. La largeur des accroissements annuels du bois, le diamètre et la densité des vaisseaux du bois initial ont été mesurés, et un indice théorique de conductivité hydraulique du xylème secondaire a été calculé par l'application de la loi de Hagen-Poisseuille.• Les caractéristiques anatomiques ont changé à la fois avec l'âge des arbres et en réponse à des facteurs défavorables. Les vaisseaux les plus largers ont été observés chez les arbres sains, ce qui implique un indice de conductivité hydraulique élevé, tandis que les arbres considérés comme dépé-rissants ont produit des vaisseaux plus petits et avaient donc une conductivité réduite.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Diminished vessel diameter as a possible factor in the decline of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)

2010

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“…As in other species with ring-porous wood, the variation in the diameter of the earlywood vessels in three health groups of oak took the shape of a sigmoid curve (Helińska-Raczkowska 1994;Helińska-Raczkowska and Fabisiak 1999), which means that the diameter increased along the radius, i.e. with the distance from the pith or the age of the cambium until reaching a value around which it fluctuated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The anatomical traits of trunk wood and their relevance to oak (Quercus robur L.) vitality

Tulik

2014

Eur J Forest Res

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Oaks' decline in vitality is attributed to a complex process that involves interactions of several factors leading to increased trees' mortality. This study investigates the structure of trunk wood of oaks with reference to its physiological role in hydraulic conductivity. On the basis of the crown condition, the oaks were classified into three health groups: healthy trees, declining trees and dead trees. Anatomical traits of wood, such as annual ring width, vessel density, vessel diameter of earlywood and theoretical hydraulic conductivity, were measured and calculated. The narrowest annual rings formed by the cambium were observed in dead oaks. These trees were also characterized by the smallest diameter of earlywood vessels, not only in the period of occurrence of dieback symptoms, but also during their whole life. It is suggested that the formation of narrow annual rings and earlywood vessels of small diameter increases susceptibility of a tree to decay. A reduced vessel diameter implies changes in hydraulic conductivity of oak trunks and thus impairs the water transport, which affects the health of trees. The process of oak decline is considered to have characteristics of natural selection and leads to the elimination of the weakest trees.

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“…Based on the literature (Yang et al 1986;Helińska-Raczkowska and Fabisiak 1999;Nawrot et al 2014), the boundary between juvenile and mature wood was determined using the criterion of the width of annuals rings and latewood proportion in annual rings. Furthermore, based on previous studies (Yang et al 1986;Bao et al 2001), the differences in anatomical structure, especially the differences in structural elements' size, tracheid wall thickness, and the radial lumen diameter in earlywood and latewood, were also taken into account as additional criteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Structure of Juvenile and Mature Wood of Larix decidua Mill. from Fast-Growing Plantations in Poland

Boruszewski¹,

Jankowska²,

Kurowska³

2017

BioResources

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The main objective of this study was to reveal variations in the wood structure and to define the location of the boundary between juvenile and mature wood Larix decidua Mill. from fast growing tree plantations. To reach these findings, the samples of wood from four short-rotation plantations in Central Europe (Poland) were selected and compared. The procedure used to determine the demarcation point between juvenile and mature wood resulted in strong correlations between the width of growth rings and the initial cambial age. It was found that the structure of wood from fast-growing trees differs from commercially available timber. The wood derived from plantations revealed wider annual rings than wood from natural forests. The analysis of the variability of wood structure resulted in defining the location of the boundary between juvenile and mature wood. Based on the analysis of structure of annual rings, the boundary of juvenile wood in fast-growing larch is placed between the 12th and 15th annual ring. The investigated material contained high proportions of juvenile wood, which makes up more than 70% of trunk volume. On the microscopic level, no visible changes, indicating the presence of a mature wood zone, were found.

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Radial variation of earlywood vessel lumen diameter as an indicator of the juvenile growth period in ash ( Fraxinus excelsior L.)

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

Diminished vessel diameter as a possible factor in the decline of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)

Diminished vessel diameter as a possible factor in the decline of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.)

The anatomical traits of trunk wood and their relevance to oak (Quercus robur L.) vitality

Comparison of the Structure of Juvenile and Mature Wood of Larix decidua Mill. from Fast-Growing Plantations in Poland

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