Radial Plume Mapping: A US EPA Test Method for Area and Fugitive Source Emission Monitoring Using Optical Remote Sensing

Hashmonay, Ram A.; Varma, Ravi; Modrak, Mark; Kagann, Robert H.; Segall, R.R.; Sullivan, Patrick

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6364-0_2

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Gaseous flux from each identified leak was estimated following methods developed for plume mapping using multiple path-integrated concentration measurements [18]. Readings were taken across multiple vertical planes at, and downwind of, the area of interest and used to construct a concentration profile.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a given set of planar path-integrated concentration data, random selections of measurements (minimum 5) in the planes were drawn for fitting by SBFM to generate a set of 10,000 possible realizations of two-dimensional concentration fields. The concordance correlation factor (CCF), which compares measured path-integrated concentrations to those specified by identical paths taken through the reconstructed field, was used to assess the validity of each reconstruction [18]. Reconstructions with CCF<0.6 show poor fit to the Gaussian mathematical function, and were therefore discarded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions from Domestic Anaerobic Digesters Linked with Sustainable Sanitation in Rural China

Dhingra

Christensen

Liu

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Anaerobic digesters provide clean, renewable energy (biogas) by converting organic waste to methane, and are a key part of China's comprehensive rural energy plan. Here, experimental and modeling results are used to quantify the net greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction from substituting a household anaerobic digester for traditional energy sources in Sichuan, China. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and radial plume mapping were used to estimate the mass flux of fugitive methane emissions from active digesters. Using household energy budgets, the net improvement in GHG emissions associated with biogas installation was estimated using global warming commitment (GWC) as a consolidated measure of the warming effects of GHG emissions from cooking. In all scenarios biogas households had lower GWC than non-biogas households, by as much as 54%. Even biogas households with methane leakage exhibited lower GWC than non-biogas households, by as much as 48%. Based only on the averted GHG emissions over 10 years, the monetary value of a biogas installation was conservatively estimated at US$28.30 ($16.07 ton−1 CO2-eq.), which is available to partly offset construction costs. The interaction of biogas installation programs with policies supporting improved stoves, renewable harvesting of biomass, and energy interventions with substantial health co-benefits, are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions from Domestic Anaerobic Digesters Linked with Sustainable Sanitation in Rural China

Dhingra

Christensen

Liu

et al. 2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In this experiment, the number of reflectors went up to 14, and the number of optical rays went up to 20, with the longest length being 39.0 m and the shortest length 12.4 m. The structure of optical rays applied in the SBFM experiment was relatively simple. The structure of optical rays by Hashmonay et al 21 was used in the SBFM experiment [ Fig. 3(b)].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of methane spatial distribution around biogas plant with an open-path tunable diode absorption spectroscopy scanning system

et al. 2013

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An open-path tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (OP-TDLAS) detector was applied to detect the methane emission from a biogas plant in a dairy farm. Two OP-TDLAS scanning systems were built according to maximum likelihood with expectation minimization (MLEM) and smooth basis function minimization (SBFM) algorithms to reconstruct the two-dimensional (2-D) distribution maps. Six reconstruction maps with the resolution of 30 × 80 were obtained by the MLEM algorithm with "grid translation method" and three reconstruction maps were obtained by the SBFM algorithm with 2-D Gaussian model. The maximum mixing ratio in the first result was between 0.85 and 1.30 ppm, while it was between 1.14 and 1.30 ppm in the second result. The average mixing ratio in the first result was between 0.54 and 0.49 ppm, and between 0.56 and 0.65 ppm in the second result. The reconstruction results validated that the two algorithms could effectively reflect the methane mixing ratio distribution within the target area. However, with the more simple optical rays and less equipment requirements, the OP-TDLAS scanning system based on SBFM algorithm provides a useful monitoring tool of methane emissions in agricultural production.

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“…[13] First, using the ground-level PIC data, the values of σ y and m y of Equation 1 are estimated by fitting the data into a univariate Gaussian function via minimization of the sum of squared errors (SSE). With the values of σ y and m y estimated from the groundlevel PIC data, the values of A and σ z of Equation 2 are then estimated from fitting the above-ground PIC data into the bivariate Gaussian function.…”

Section: Vrpm Methodology For Ground-level Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural sites using open-path optical remote sensing method

Johnson

Varma

et al. 2009

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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Improved characterization of distributed emission sources of greenhouse gases such as methane from concentrated animal feeding operations require more accurate methods. One promising method is recently used by the USEPA. It employs a vertical radial plume mapping (VRPM) algorithm using optical remote sensing techniques. We evaluated this method to estimate emission rates from simulated distributed methane sources. A scanning open-path tunable diode laser was used to collect path-integrated concentrations (PICs) along different optical paths on a vertical plane downwind of controlled methane releases. Each cycle consists of 3 ground-level PICs and 2 above ground PICs. Three-to 10-cycle moving averages were used to reconstruct mass equivalent concentration plum maps on the vertical plane. The VRPM algorithm estimated emission rates of methane along with meteorological and PIC data collected concomitantly under different atmospheric stability conditions. The derived emission rates compared well with actual released rates irrespective of atmospheric stability conditions. The maximum error was 22 percent when 3-cycle moving average PICs were used; however, it decreased to 11% when 10-cycle moving average PICs were used. Our validation results suggest that this new VRPM method may be used for improved estimations of greenhouse gas emission from a variety of agricultural sources.

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Radial Plume Mapping: A US EPA Test Method for Area and Fugitive Source Emission Monitoring Using Optical Remote Sensing

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions from Domestic Anaerobic Digesters Linked with Sustainable Sanitation in Rural China

Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions from Domestic Anaerobic Digesters Linked with Sustainable Sanitation in Rural China

Mapping of methane spatial distribution around biogas plant with an open-path tunable diode absorption spectroscopy scanning system

Measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural sites using open-path optical remote sensing method

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