Radial glial cells in the adult dentate gyrus: what are they and where do they come from?

Berg, Daniel A.; Bond, Alan M.; Ming, Guo Li; Song, Hongjun

doi:10.12688/f1000research.12684.1

Cited by 67 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…As seen in the B1 cells of the V-SVZ (discussed above), RAs exhibit functional and morphological heterogeneity (for review, see Berg et al, 2018). For example, whereas RAs are more abundant in the dorsal (temporal) SGZ, RAs in the ventral blade of the DG generate neurons that appear to mature at a faster rate than those born dorsally (Piatti et al, 2011).…”

Section: Heterogeneity Of Nscs In the Sgzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural stem cells: origin, heterogeneity and regulation in the adult mammalian brain

2019

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In the adult rodent brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ), which are specialized niches in which young neurons for the olfactory bulb (OB) and hippocampus, respectively, are generated. Recent studies have significantly modified earlier views on the mechanisms of NSC self-renewal and neurogenesis in the adult brain. Here, we discuss the molecular control, heterogeneity, regional specification and cell division modes of V-SVZ NSCs, and draw comparisons with NSCs in the SGZ. We highlight how V-SVZ NSCs are regulated by local signals from their immediate neighbors, as well as by neurotransmitters and factors that are secreted by distant neurons, the choroid plexus and vasculature. We also review recent advances in single cell RNA analyses that reveal the complexity of adult neurogenesis. These findings set the stage for a better understanding of adult neurogenesis, a process that one day may inspire new approaches to brain repair.

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Section: Heterogeneity Of Nscs In the Sgzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural stem cells: origin, heterogeneity and regulation in the adult mammalian brain

2019

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“…The dentate precursor cells migrate and accumulate within the fissure to comprise the future layer of NSCs of the adult subgranular zone (SGZ) or to become neurons that form the granular cell layer (GCL; Urbán & Guillemot, ). With regard to the embryonic origin of NSCs evident in this hippocampal neurogenic niche in adulthood, it has been proposed that the NSCs in the SGZ come from the DNE itself at early stages of the embryonic period (Seki et al, ), while it has also been suggested that they are generated perinatally in the ventral DG (vDG), and subsequently migrate to the dorsal DG (dDG; Berg, Bond, Ming, & Song, ; Li, Fang, Fernández, & Pleasure, ). A recent report tracing the origin of rodent neural precursor cells (NPCs) has shed light on this question by showing that a common population of NSCs contributes to the DG neurogenesis throughout development and adulthood and that NSCs shift from quiescence to active state at different time points (Berg et al, ).…”

Section: Embryonic and Postnatal Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Similaritimentioning

confidence: 99%

Born this way: Hippocampal neurogenesis across the lifespan

2019

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The capability of the mammalian brain to generate new neurons through the lifespan has gained much attention for the promise of new therapeutic possibilities especially for the aging brain. One of the brain regions that maintains a neurogenesis‐permissive environment is the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Here, new neurons are generated from a pool of multipotent neural progenitor cells to become fully functional neurons that are integrated into the brain circuitry. A growing body of evidence points to the fact that neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is necessary for certain memory processes, and in mood regulation, while alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis have been associated with a myriad of neurological and psychiatric disorders. More recently, evidence has come to light that new neurons may differ in their vulnerability to environmental and disease‐related influences depending on the time during the life course at which they are exposed. Thus, it has been the topic of intense research in recent years. In this review, we will discuss the complex process and associated functional relevance of hippocampal neurogenesis during the embryonic/postnatal period and in adulthood. We consider the implications of hippocampal neurogenesis during the developmentally critical periods of adolescence and older age. We will further consider the literature surrounding hippocampal neurogenesis and its functional role during these critical periods with a view to providing insight into the potential of harnessing neurogenesis for health and therapeutic benefit.

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“…developmental and adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb arise from distinct progenitor pools and, furthermore, precursors to adult SVZ neural progenitors change their lineage specification after the transition. Much less is known about precursors to adult dentate neural progenitors (Berg et al, 2018). Classic studies of embryonic development of rodent dentate gyrus using 3 H-thymidine autoradiography in the 1970s and 1990s suggested that the most primitive dentate precursors originate from the primary dentate neuroepithelium (Altman and Bayer, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Common Embryonic Origin of Stem Cells Drives Developmental and Adult Neurogenesis

Berg

Jimenez-Cyrus

et al. 2019

Cell

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Graphical AbstractHighlights d The Hopx-CreER T2 line can label an embryonic origin of adult dentate neural progenitors d Hopx + dentate progenitors exhibit constant lineage specification across development d Developmental and adult dentate neurogenesis are one continuous process d Hopx + dentate progenitors retain common molecular signatures across development SUMMARY New neurons arise from quiescent adult neural progenitors throughout life in specific regions of the mammalian brain. Little is known about the embryonic origin and establishment of adult neural progenitors. Here, we show that Hopx + precursors in the mouse dentate neuroepithelium at embryonic day 11.5 give rise to proliferative Hopx + neural progenitors in the primitive dentate region, and they, in turn, generate granule neurons, but not other neurons, throughout development and then transition into Hopx + quiescent radial glial-like neural progenitors during an early postnatal period. RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses of Hopx + embryonic, early postnatal, and adult dentate neural progenitors further reveal common molecular and epigenetic signatures and developmental dynamics. Together, our findings support a ''continuous'' model wherein a common neural progenitor population exclusively contributes to dentate neurogenesis throughout development and adulthood. Adult dentate neurogenesis may therefore represent a lifelong extension of development that maintains heightened plasticity in the mammalian hippocampus.

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Radial glial cells in the adult dentate gyrus: what are they and where do they come from?

Cited by 67 publications

References 86 publications

Neural stem cells: origin, heterogeneity and regulation in the adult mammalian brain

Neural stem cells: origin, heterogeneity and regulation in the adult mammalian brain

Born this way: Hippocampal neurogenesis across the lifespan

A Common Embryonic Origin of Stem Cells Drives Developmental and Adult Neurogenesis

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