“…If the solenoid RF coil produces an ideal B 1 field, perfectly parallel to and concentric with the axis of sample rotation, then MAS would impose no time-modulations and no sidebands would arise. But as noted by Hoult and Richards [49] and examined in further detail by Tekely, Engelke and coworkers [50,51], non-idealities in the coil can also generate spatially-dependent B 1 components that will become frequency modulated by ±x r , ±2x r offsets upon imposing the MAS. These non-idealities will in general stem from a solenoid that is not infinite and perfectly symmetric along its main Z-axis.…”