RADES an experimental set-up for the characterization of aerosol release from nuclear and radioactive materials

Lemma, Fidelma Giulia Di; Colle, Jean‐Yves; Ernstberger, M.; Rasmussen, Gert; Thiele, H.; Konings, R.J.M.

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2013.12.010

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Given the results obtained on particle morphology and size, a coagulation-agglomeration mechanism is responsible for the generation of nanoparticles in the aerosol emitted during the laser cutting of the specimen. One hypothesis on the formation process for these particles has been previously assessed (Di Lemma et al, 2014). The bigger particles are related to mechanical phenomena, formed by the ejection of liquid particles from the melted layer of the sample due to mechanical shock caused by the laser heating.…”

Section: Particle Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Characterization and Particle Scrubbing Efficiency of Underwater Operations during Laser Cutting of Steel Components for Dismantling of Nuclear Facilities

Peillon

Fauvel

Chagnot

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The goal of this article is to provide results on aerosol particles emissions of a laser Nd:YAG cutting technique used for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. In particular, the study aims at characterizing the aerosol emitted during the cutting of steel specimens of different thicknesses and to study particulate emissions for cuts in air and under water. To do so, we calculate the emitted aerosol mass per unit area of cut. Overall, it was found that the mass of aerosol per unit area of cut by laser cutting decreases when the laser power and cutting speed increase. We also examine the performance of the height of the water column above the cut on the particle collection efficiency. We found that the driving phenomenon for particle collection is the scrubbing of particles by bubbles present in the water column. When cuts are realized under water, the production of aerosol particles mass per unit area of cut is reduced by a factor of 10 and limited below 70 g m -2 .

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Section: Particle Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Characterization and Particle Scrubbing Efficiency of Underwater Operations during Laser Cutting of Steel Components for Dismantling of Nuclear Facilities

Peillon

Fauvel

Chagnot

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The set-up applied in our study has been described in detail in [5]. In this paper, we just summarize its main features for clarification.…”

Section: Instrumentation and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raman spectroscopy (Jobin Yvon T64000 spectrometer) was used for the identification of the aerosol phases. Such instruments and their application in our studies have been described in our previous work [5]. The sample holder, used in these tests, consisted of a vertical tube in which the sample was posed on the same horizontal support, and the geometry and the distance between the source and collecting substrates were kept constant.…”

Section: Instrumentation and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample holder, used in these tests, consisted of a vertical tube in which the sample was posed on the same horizontal support, and the geometry and the distance between the source and collecting substrates were kept constant. This modification, with respect to the sample holder presented in [5], was performed to avoid aerosol losses in the bends.…”

Section: Instrumentation and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous paper [5], we have demonstrated the feasibility of laser heating to produce aerosols from a range of different materials. The present study aims at studying the interactions occurring in the vapour phase influencing aerosol formation in the inhalable fraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of aerosols from RDD surrogate compounds produced by fast thermal transients

Lemma

Colle

Ernstberger

et al. 2015

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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Experimental tests have been performed to characterize the aerosols representative of radiological dispersion devices (RDDs, a.k.a. "dirty bombs") by applying to chosen surrogate compound rapid high temperature transients, vaporizing the sample and forming aerosols mainly by rapid cooling of the vapour. The materials, which were tested in their non-radioactive form, had been chosen from the radioactive sources widely used in industries and nuclear medicine applications, Co, CsCl, Ir and SrTiO 3 . Our analyses permitted the characterization of the inhalable fraction of the aerosols released, and the study of the influence of cladding materials on the aerosol release and on its characteristics.

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The behaviour of parent and daughter nuclides in aerosols released in radiological dispersion events: a study of a SrTiO3 source

Maris

Naji

Lemma

et al. 2017

J Raman Spectroscopy

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During rapid high-temperature events, like a terrorist attack with radiological dispersal device, radiological material will be released into the environment. In these scenarios, the ratio between parent and daughter nuclides can be used for nuclear forensic investigations to determine the age of the used radioactive source. We have used fast laser heating to produce aerosols of a material often found in radioisotope thermoelectric generators. To investigate the behaviour of SrTiO 3 , we have recreated pure and mixed samples, mimicking several parent-to-daughter ratios. By combining scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis with Raman spectroscopy, we were able to distinguish different elements and phases present in the aerosols. Two types of aerosols have been identified: individual aerosols from a few micrometre to a few tens of micrometre and agglomerates of smaller aerosols from a few hundred nanometre to a few micrometre. The bigger aerosols, formed from mechanically expelled liquefied material, showed a parent-to-daughter ratio that stays close to the value that would be anticipated by the initial composition of the material, but in the agglomerates, formed from vaporised material, the presence of the daughter elements reduces significantly due to differences in the condensation behaviour.

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RADES an experimental set-up for the characterization of aerosol release from nuclear and radioactive materials

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Aerosol Characterization and Particle Scrubbing Efficiency of Underwater Operations during Laser Cutting of Steel Components for Dismantling of Nuclear Facilities

Aerosol Characterization and Particle Scrubbing Efficiency of Underwater Operations during Laser Cutting of Steel Components for Dismantling of Nuclear Facilities

Characterization of aerosols from RDD surrogate compounds produced by fast thermal transients

The behaviour of parent and daughter nuclides in aerosols released in radiological dispersion events: a study of a SrTiO3 source

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