Radar parameters influence on the clutter in maritime forward scatter radar

Abstract

The development of Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) for use in maritime applications requires a fundamental understanding of the operating environment. Presently, there is insufficiency of published experimental FSR sea clutter data at near zero grazing angle over the sea. Such data is fundamental for the development of FSR systems for maritime applications. Therefore clutter experiments have been undertaken and data has been recorded at frequencies of 7.5 GHz and 24 GHz with static, medium gain antennas for low sea state 1-3 on the Douglas scale. Analysis of forward scatter propagation phenomena is presented, and spectral and statistical analysis of forward scatter clutter is performed.

Hanning Weighted Window Analysis Assisted Time-Series Analysis Model for Slow Moving Target Detection in Sea Clutter

“…In (13) the variable states the rank and the missing rank is obtained by means of the orthogonal subspace of rank ( − 1) . In this way, the augmented matrix × can be redefined as (14).…”

“…In (14), states a × ( − 1) matrix of orthonormal columns ranging the subspace orthogonal to the columns of . Considering the concept of identity matrix (I), we define ( 1 2 ) ′ 1 2 =…”

“…This localized time-frequency analysis model is often known as Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) which is also referred as Windowed Fourier Transform (WFT). The predominant feature of the STFT is the confine its time-frequency resolution ability, which is primarily contributed because of the uncertainty principle [14]. In practice, low frequencies are difficult to visualize with short windows, on contrary short pulses can efficiently be identified or detected timely with long windows.…”

Simultaneous data collection of small maritime targets using multistatic radar and forward scatter radar

“…Here the target forward scatter cross section (FSCS) increases significantly compared with the monostatic and bistatic RCS and is resilient to stealth targets shaping and coatings [6]. Furthermore in FSR coherent times are long [7] and sea clutter has been shown to be well characterised by the Rayleigh distribution, unlike mono or bistatic low grazing angle clutter [8], and has a spectrum that appears invariant to radar and sea state parameters.…”

“…The FSR system is a multi-frequency continuous wave (CW) radar developed at the University of Birmingham and is used as part of an ongoing investigation into both target and clutter signatures in the maritime environment [5][6][7][8]. It consists of a single multi-frequency transmit node and a corresponding receive node.…”