Radar interferometry offers new insights into threats to the Angkor site

Chen, Fulong; Guo, Huadong; Ma, Peifeng; Lin, Hui; Wang, Cheng; Ishwaran, Natarajan; Hang, Peou

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1601284

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The detection of landscape disturbance at the structural, and even micro-structural, level described here is different from the many applications of SAR data to archaeological landscape monitoring that have focused on ground deformation [14], large-scale erosion [25], and, more recently, the movements of monuments [15].…”

Section: The Contribution Of Correlation Images Generated With Uavsarmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Detecting Landscape Disturbance at the Nasca Lines Using SAR Data Collected from Airborne and Satellite Platforms

2017

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Abstract:We used synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected over Peru's Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa World Heritage Site to detect and measure landscape disturbance threatening world-renowned archaeological features and ecosystems. We employed algorithms to calculate correlations between pairs of SAR returns, collected at different times, and generate correlation images. Landscape disturbances even on the scale of pedestrian travel are discernible in correlation images generated from airborne, L-band SAR. Correlation images derived from C-band SAR data collected by the European Space Agency's Sentinel-1 satellites also provide detailed landscape change information. Because the two Sentinel-1 satellites together have a repeat pass interval that can be as short as six days, products derived from their data can not only provide information on the location and degree of ground disturbance, but also identify a time window of about one to three weeks during which disturbance must have occurred. For Sentinel-1, this does not depend on collecting data in fine-beam modes, which generally sacrifice the size of the area covered for a higher spatial resolution. We also report on pixel value stretching for a visual analysis of SAR data, quantitative assessment of landscape disturbance, and statistical testing for significant landscape change.

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Section: The Contribution Of Correlation Images Generated With Uavsarmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…High-resolution TerraSAR-X data is being used to monitor ground subsidence in the ancient quarters of Mexico City [14]. The movement of the monuments at Angkor, along with changes in surface elevation, has been monitored with TerraSAR/TanDEM-X data [15].…”

Section: Applications Of Sar To Archaeology: the State Of The Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Landscape Disturbance at the Nasca Lines Using SAR Data Collected from Airborne and Satellite Platforms

2017

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“…The potential consequences of urban land subsidence mainly include damage to the utility infrastructures, buildings, railroads, highways and bridges [2][3][4], as well as flooding in coastal cities [5,6]. Obtaining accurate information on the spatiotemporal evolution of subsidence is important to reduce the impact of the associated hazards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Land Subsidence in the Beijing Plain 2003–2015 Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) with Multi-Source SAR Data

et al. 2018

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Land subsidence is one of the most important geological hazards in Beijing, China, and its scope and magnitude have been growing rapidly over the past few decades, mainly due to long-term groundwater withdrawal. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been used to monitor the deformation in Beijing, but there is a lack of analysis of the long-term spatiotemporal evolution of land subsidence. This study focused on detecting and characterizing spatiotemporal changes in subsidence in the Beijing Plain by using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) and geographic spatial analysis. Land subsidence during 2003-2015 was monitored by using ENVISAT ASAR (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010), RADARSAT-2 (2011RADARSAT-2 ( -2015 and TerraSAR-X (2010TerraSAR-X ( -2015 images, with results that are consistent with independent leveling measurements. The radar-based deformation velocity ranged from −136.9 to +15.2 mm/year during 2003-2010, and −149.4 to +8.9 mm/year during 2011-2015 relative to the reference point. The main subsidence areas include Chaoyang, Tongzhou, Shunyi and Changping districts, where seven subsidence bowls were observed between 2015. Equal Fan Analysis Method (EFAM) shows that the maximum extensive direction was eastward, with a growing speed of 11.30 km 2 /year. Areas of differential subsidence were mostly located at the boundaries of the seven subsidence bowls, as indicated by the subsidence rate slope. Notably, the area of greatest subsidence was generally consistent with the patterns of groundwater decline in the Beijing Plain.

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“…Spaceborne MT‐InSAR technology provides a feasible solution to retrieve motion fields at a region‐scale as well as monument‐scale particularly when high‐resolution SAR data are used. We developed a two‐step extended D‐TomoSAR model that has been successfully employed in the surveillance and management of cultural heritage sites of Nanjing Ming Dynasty City Walls (Chen, Wu, et al, ) and Angkor site (Chen, Guo, et al, ) (Figure ), validating the performance of InSAR technology in assessing potential damages as well as for the design of remediation activities. Note that, an interdisciplinary analysis is always needed to find the driving force for defect behaviours as well as to understand its evolution and impacts in a medium‐long term.…”

Section: Insar For Landscape Archaeology and Diagnosis Of Heritage Sitesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Extended D‐TomoSAR for the risking monitoring and preventive diagnosis of cultural heritage sites. (a) Nanjing Ming Dynasty City walls nearby Xuanwu gate indicating a uplift trend (Chen, Wu, et al, ) and (b) Angkor site indicating structural motion heterogeneities marked by pink arrows (Chen, Guo, et al, ) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Insar For Landscape Archaeology and Diagnosis Of Heritage Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique performance of spaceborne SAR remote sensing in cultural heritage applications: Overviews and perspectives

Chen

You

Tang

et al. 2017

Archaeological Prospection

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To be an innovative remote sensing technology, spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is increasingly recognized as an irreplaceable tool in cultural heritage applications, such as archaeological prospection for the discovery of new sites and monument monitoring and management, taking advantage of observation capabilities independent of sun illumination and weather conditions. In this paper, we firstly give a synoptic overview for the state-of-art of spaceborne SAR technology in cultural heritage applications. Then, the unique performance of SAR compared with optical approaches, including subsurface imaging and interferometry, is objectively exploited and assessed using simulations and case studies. Simulations indicated that long wavelength SAR is promising in the detection of relics with an extended geometric dimension, particularly when the performance of tomographic SAR (TomoSAR) in subsurface imaging is optimized. However, case studies proved that interferometic SAR (InSAR) is useful for landscape archaeology by producing digital elevation models as well as for risk monitoring and preventive diagnosis of cultural properties using motion indicators. This study showed the potentialities of spaceborne SAR applications in cultural heritage, with particular reference to TomoSAR and differential TomoSAR (D-TomoSAR).

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Radar interferometry offers new insights into threats to the Angkor site

Abstract: New insights into threats to the Angkor site and implications for the sustainable conservation of World Heritage sites elsewhere.

Cited by 53 publications

References 33 publications

Detecting Landscape Disturbance at the Nasca Lines Using SAR Data Collected from Airborne and Satellite Platforms

Detecting Landscape Disturbance at the Nasca Lines Using SAR Data Collected from Airborne and Satellite Platforms

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Land Subsidence in the Beijing Plain 2003–2015 Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) with Multi-Source SAR Data

Unique performance of spaceborne SAR remote sensing in cultural heritage applications: Overviews and perspectives

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