Racism out of Place: Thoughts on Whiteness and an Antiracist Geography in the New Millennium

Kobayashi, Audrey; Peake, Linda

doi:10.1111/0004-5608.00202

Cited by 405 publications

(265 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In America, geography is racialized (Kobayashi & Peake, 2000). Places are identified as "black," "white," "Asian," "Hispanic," and otherwise.…”

Section: White Spaces Ethnic Places: a Gap In Urban Agriculture Resementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The racialization of space "is therefore the process by which racialized groups are identified, given stereotypical characteristics, and coerced into specific living conditions, often involving social/spatial segregation and always constituting racialized places" (Kobayashi & Peake, 2000, p. 393). By identifying and articulating perceptions of place, a white norm is standardized and deemed "good," resulting in spaces that are controlled and privileged (Kobayashi & Peake, 2000). This hegemony organizes society based on white culture and values (Omi & Winant, 2002), and leads to a white privilege and ignorance of the world whites created (Mills, 1997(Mills, , 2007.…”

Section: White Spaces Ethnic Places: a Gap In Urban Agriculture Resementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exemplifying what Kobayashi and Peake (2000) identify as white spaces, researchers conducting surveys in Denver found that UA participants were predominately white (78 percent white; 12 percent Hispanic, and 8 percent African American, and 2 percent some other race) (Teig et al, 2009), despite the fact that Denver's Latino population makes up 31.8 percent, blacks makes up 10.2 percent, and those identifying as some other race make up 11.9 percent (US Census Data, 2010). These same trends were exemplified in Philadelphia with garden participation rate made up of 47 percent white, compared to 36 percent African American and 12 percent Latino (Meenar & Hoover, 2012).…”

Section: White Spaces Ethnic Places: a Gap In Urban Agriculture Resementioning

confidence: 99%

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White Spaces in Black and Latino Places: Urban Agriculture and Food Sovereignty

Hoover

2013

JAFSCD

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In recent years urban agriculture has gained the attention of policy-makers, social organizers, and academics alike. This new wave of work and attention focuses on projects that ameliorate issues ranging from food insecurity to urban blight, and environmental degradation to the subversion of industrial food production. These projects consist of a variation of community gardens, educational programs, demonstration farms, and entrepreneurial production farms (I will identify all of these under the umbrella of urban agriculture (UA)). However, by simply studying the social impact of UA, researchers fail to consider who the active agent is in social change; this results in little acknowledgement of a movement that is predominately white, hegemonic, and exclusive. As a movement, UA is largely championed by a middle-class white populace as part of the alternative food movement, rather than being understood as having historical roots in predominately black and/or Latino neighborhoods. As a result, urban agriculture generally creates white spaces in otherwise black or Latino places. In this paper I will argue for a new research direction that considers UA from a critical race theory framework and that will allow researchers to examine how urban agriculture might create white "spaces" and white "ethics" in predominately black and Latino neighborhoods. Understanding UA from a critical race theory framework will be useful in helping the UA movement talk about food sovereignty rather than food insecurity in urban communities.

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“…In America, geography is racialized (Kobayashi & Peake, 2000). Places are identified as "black," "white," "Asian," "Hispanic," and otherwise.…”

Section: White Spaces Ethnic Places: a Gap In Urban Agriculture Resementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: White Spaces Ethnic Places: a Gap In Urban Agriculture Resementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: White Spaces Ethnic Places: a Gap In Urban Agriculture Resementioning

confidence: 99%

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White Spaces in Black and Latino Places: Urban Agriculture and Food Sovereignty

Hoover

2013

JAFSCD

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“…Scholars in disciplines such as geography have pushed to deepen analyses of race, place, and social spaces in U.S. society and the meanings and outcomes of those factors for differently positioned social groups (Holloway, 2000;Kobayashi & Peake, 2000;Mahtani, 2001;Nash, 2003). With few exceptions, however, the social science and policy communities have not given adequate attention to how contextual factors, such as geographic region, influence the achievement gap facing historically underserved groups.…”

Section: Black Demographic Patterns In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Study the U.S. South? The Nexus of Race and Place in Investigating Black Student Achievement

Morris

Monroe

2009

Educational Researcher

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This article highlights the significance of the U.S. South in scholarly discussions regarding the academic achievement gap involving Black students. Despite national concern, patterns embedded in Black student achievement as related to geographical influences generally are ignored, especially in the South, where the majority of Black people in the United States reside. The authors refine the scholarship on the Black-White achievement gap through an analysis of racialized national spaces and population shifts, to set forth a more comprehensive understanding of school achievement than previously existed. In elucidating the nexus between race and place and the implications for Black student achievement, the authors specifically highlight the saliency of the U.S. South as a critical-and neglectedsite for the investigation of such issues.

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“…This line of reasoning argues that ideas about race are historically created and contemporarily recreated, enforced and manifest through everyday actions (Marable 2002). As geographers have increasingly focused on the ways in which the social construction of race is related to the construction of particular places and spatial relations, a consensus has emerged that place and race are inextricably linked (Kobayashi and Peake 2000). These connections between place and race have led Holloway (2000, p. 197) to observe that we need to uncover and unpack the relationship between race and place and conceptualize it within its historical and geographical frameworks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%