Racial Residential Segregation and Low Birth Weight in Michigan's Metropolitan Areas

Local Residential Segregation Matters: Stronger Association of Census Tract Compared to Conventional City-Level Measures with Fatal and Non-Fatal Assaults (Total and Firearm Related), Using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) for Racial, Economic, and Racialized Economic Segregation, Massachusetts (US), 1995–2010

“…Supporting use of our ICE for racialized economic segregation, within the USA, low-income black persons versus highincome white persons Bcontinue to occupy opposite ends of the socioeconomic in the USA^ [50, p. 324]. One advantage of the ICE, as contrasted to local measures of relative segregation (which compare the probability of two groups encountering each other in a given neighborhood as compared to the probability in the city overall, taking into account the composition of adjacent neighborhoods [22][23][24][25]) is that the ICE transparently measures the absolute concentration of place-based privilege and deprivation using a metric easily compared across neighborhoods, cities, and regions. Future research, in the USA and other regions and countries, could expand testing our study hypotheses to address diverse health outcomes, as well as use ICE defined in relation to additional racial/ethnic groups and also nativity, as well as in relation to wealth, education, employment, and other socioeconomic parameters.…”

“…Our concern, building on recent work on extreme concentrations of privilege and deprivation [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and on local segregation [22][23][24][25], is that health outcomes are more likely to exhibit stronger associations with segregation measures that (1) are computed at the local, compared to city level, and (2) are computed jointly in relation to income and race/ethnicity, rather than only one or the other. To test our hypothesis, we selected an outcome welldocumented to be positively associated with adverse racial residential segregation and economic deprivation: fatal and non-fatal assaults, especially those involving firearms [26][27][28][29][30].…”