Racial Misclassification of American Indians and Alaska Natives by Indian Health Service Contract Health Service Delivery Area

Jim, Melissa A.; Arias, Elizabeth; Seneca, Dean S.; Hoopes, Megan; Jim, Cheyenne; Johnson, Norman J.; Wiggins, Charles L.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2014.301933

Cited by 160 publications

(173 citation statements)

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“…An algorithm was applied to Hispanic ethnicity data to reduce misclassification of Hispanic persons as being of unknown ethnicity (16). To reduce misclassification of AI/AN race, first the Indian Health Service (IHS) patient registration database, which contains records of individuals who are members of federally recognized tribes, was linked to incidence data, and then rates for AI/AN were based on cases in counties covered by IHS Contract Health Service Delivery Area (CHSDA) because linkage studies have identified less misclassification of AI/AN race in CHSDA counties (17). Gallbladder cancer incidence and death rates among AI/AN were further analyzed by IHS region; because of small numbers of cases and deaths, annual rates were averaged over the 10-year period 1999-2011 (17).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, rates may be underestimated for API, AI/AN, and Hispanics; however, efforts were made to ensure that this information was as accurate as possible. Analyses among AI/AN were restricted to those residing in CHSDA counties, which has been found to decrease misclassification of race and thus provide more accurate reflect rates (17). Fourth, analyses based on ethnicity are limited because grouping Hispanics as one ethnicity may mask important differences by country of origin (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gallbladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality, United States 1999–2011

Henley

Weir

Jim

et al. 2015

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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120

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Background: Gallbladder cancer is a rare cancer with unusual distribution, and few population-based estimates for the United States have been published.Methods: Using population-based cancer incidence and mortality data, we examined U.S. gallbladder cancer incidence and death rates for 2007-2011 and trends for 1999-2011.Results: During 2007 to 2011, approximately 3,700 persons were diagnosed with primary gallbladder cancer (rate ¼ 1.13 cases per 100,000) and 2,000 died from the disease (rate ¼ 0.62 deaths per 100,000) each year in the United States. Two thirds of gallbladder cancer cases and deaths occurred among women. Gallbladder cancer incidence and death rates were three times higher among American Indian and Alaska Native persons than non-Hispanic white persons. By state, gallbladder cancer incidence and death rates ranged by about 2-fold. During 1999 to 2011, gallbladder cancer incidence rates decreased among women but remained level among men; death rates declined among women but stabilized among men after declining from 1999 to 2006. Gallbladder cancer incidence rates increased in some subgroups, notably among black persons, those aged <45 years, and for endocrine tumors.Conclusions: Data from U.S. population-based cancer registries confirm that gallbladder cancer incidence and death rates are higher among women than men, highest among American Indian and Alaska Native persons, and differ by region. While overall incidence and death rates decreased during 1999 to 2011, incidence rates increased among some small subgroups.Impact: Surveillance of gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality, particularly to monitor increases in subgroups, may provide clues to etiology and stimulate further research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(9);

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallbladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality, United States 1999–2011

Henley

Weir

Jim

et al. 2015

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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120

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“…In addition, misclassification of race or ethnicity in cancer registry records could have affected our results; for example, if Native Americans were misclassified as nonHispanic white or unknown, IRs and IRRs for American Indians/ Alaskan natives would be underestimates. 30 However, the case-case ORs and survival analyses use data only from patient cases and, therefore, should be less influenced by misclassification of race. Therefore, although the IRs and IRRs for American Indians/ Alaskan natives and possibly other minorities may be interpreted with caution, we believe that when taken together with the comparisons of case proportions and survival by subtype, our results are robust and informative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Patterns of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Incidence and Survival in the United States

Adams

Newcomb

Shustov

2016

JCO

112

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Listen to the podcast by Dr Amengual at www.jco.org/podcastsTo compare incidence and survival of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) subtypes among US racial/ ethnic groups. MethodsPatients with PTCL (age $ 15 years; 2000 to 2012) were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries. Race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic white, black, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic white, or American Indian/Alaskan native. Age-standardized annual incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were estimated with 95% CIs, and case-case odds ratios were estimated by race/ethnicity using polytomous regression. Survival was estimated from SEER follow-up data with Cox regression. ResultsThirteen thousand one hundred seven patients with PTCL were identified. Annual PTCL incidence was highest in blacks and lowest in Native Americans. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, blacks had a higher incidence of PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and a lower incidence of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL); Asians/Pacific Islanders had a higher incidence of AITL, extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma and NK-cell leukemia (ENKCL), and ATLL and a lower incidence of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma; Hispanics had a higher incidence of AITL and ENKCL; and Native Americans had a lower incidence of PTCL-NOS (all P , .05). The ratio of ENKCL to PCTL-NOS among Native Americans, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic whites was approximately three-to four-fold the same ratio among non-Hispanic whites. Survival varied significantly by race/ethnicity (P , .001), with blacks in particular experiencing shorter survival for most subtypes. ConclusionStriking variation in incidence, proportions of PTCL subtypes, and survival was observed. Aspects of these PTCL subtype patterns, such as for ENKCL and ATLL, were similar to corresponding global populations. Despite the small population size and limited number of Native American patients, PTCL subtype frequencies in this group were distinct but most similar to Hispanic whites. Survival disparities were evident, especially for blacks compared with non-Hispanic whites.

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“…Less frequently, investigators have attempted to validate the accuracy of the values reported for selected data variables. Two studies looking at the prevalence of cancers and sexually transmitted diseases among American Indians linked surveillance data to Indian Health Service registries to determine the accuracy of race and ethnicity data and the degree of misclassification (40,86). In both studies, American Indian race was misclassified and underreported, resulting in underestimation of the burden of these health conditions among American Indians and limiting the usefulness of these data for monitoring progress towards addressing health disparities.…”

Section: Wwwannualreviewsorg • Public Health Surveillance Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Surveillance Systems: Recent Advances in Their Use and Evaluation

Groseclose

Buckeridge

2017

Annu. Rev. Public Health

241

192

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Surveillance is critical for improving population health. Public health surveillance systems generate information that drives action, and the data must be of sufficient quality and with a resolution and timeliness that matches objectives. In the context of scientific advances in public health surveillance, changing health care and public health environments, and rapidly evolving technologies, the aim of this article is to review public health surveillance systems. We consider their current use to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the public health system, the role of system stakeholders, the analysis and interpretation of surveillance data, approaches to system monitoring and evaluation, and opportunities for future advances in terms of increased scientific rigor, outcomes-focused research, and health informatics.

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Racial Misclassification of American Indians and Alaska Natives by Indian Health Service Contract Health Service Delivery Area

Abstract: Limiting presentation and analysis to CHSDA counties helped mitigate the effects of race misclassification of AI/AN persons, although a portion of the population was excluded.

Cited by 160 publications

References 23 publications

Gallbladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality, United States 1999–2011

Gallbladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality, United States 1999–2011

Racial Patterns of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Incidence and Survival in the United States

Public Health Surveillance Systems: Recent Advances in Their Use and Evaluation

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