Racial microaggressions and major discriminatory events explain ethnoracial differences in psychotic experiences

Anglin, Deidre M.; Lui, Florence

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.10.014

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Discrimination increases cumulative stress and can increase social exclusion, which could be worse when more culturally isolated in your environment—isolation purported to be linked with brain mechanisms connected to psychosis . Neighborhoods with high ethnoracial diversity have the capacity to attenuate the stress and isolation associated with discrimination by fostering an inclusive atmosphere that discourages discrimination while also providing more opportunities to process everyday discriminatory experiences and more subtle microaggressions, which are associated with psychotic experiences in minoritized young people . In addition, high ethnoracial diversity in schools may provide ethnically minoritized children and adolescents more tools to cope with subsequent discriminatory experiences, which could improve mental well-being.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Childhood Area-Level Ethnic Density and Psychosis Risk Among Ethnoracial Minoritized Individuals in the US

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ImportanceThe protective ethnic density effect hypothesis, which suggests that minoritized individuals who grow up in neighborhoods with a high proportion of ethnoracial minoritized groups are protected from the effects of perceived discrimination, has not been examined among individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR-P). This level of examination may help identify intervention targets for preventing psychosis among high-risk individuals.ObjectiveTo examine the association between area-level ethnic density during childhood, perceived discrimination, and psychosis risk outcomes among ethnoracial minoritized individuals with CHR-P.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsData were collected as part of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study-2 (NAPLS 2) between November 2008 and March 2013. Participants included ethnoracial minoritized youth with CHR-P. Area-level ethnoracial minoritized density pertained to the percent of ethnoracial minoritized individuals within the participant’s county during childhood. Generalized mixed-effects models with random intercepts for participants, NAPLS 2 site, and county estimated the associations between area-level ethnic density and the risk of psychosis risk outcomes. Self-reported experience of discrimination was assessed. Mediation analyses computed the indirect association of perceived discrimination in the prospective correlation between ethnic density and psychosis risk outcomes. Analyses took place between December 2021 and June 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPsychosis risk outcomes included remission, symptomatic, progression, and conversion to psychosis and were assessed throughout 24-month follow-up.ResultsOf 193 individuals, the mean (SD) age was 17.5 (3.4) years and 113 males (58.5%) were included. Participants self-identified as Asian (29 [15.0%]), Black (57 [29.0%]), Hispanic (any race; 87 [45.0%]), or other (First Nations, Middle Eastern, and interracial individuals; 20 [10.4%]). Greater area-level minoritized density was associated with a lower likelihood of remaining symptomatic (relative risk [RR], 0.54 [95% CI, 0.33-0.89]) and having progressively worsening symptoms (RR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.32-0.86]) compared with being in remission. More perceived discrimination was associated with a higher risk of staying symptomatic (RR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.09-1.88]) and progressively worsening (RR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.02-1.78]) compared with being in remission. Perceived discrimination significantly mediated 21.7% (95% CI, 4.1%-67.0%; P = .02) of the association between area-level minoritized density and the likelihood of being in remission.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that among ethnoracial minority youth with CHR-P, growing up in communities with a greater proportion of ethnically minoritized individuals was associated with remission of psychosis risk symptoms partly through lower levels of perceived discrimination. Understanding how the social environment impacts early psychosis risk may help develop effective interventions to prevent psychosis, especially for vulnerable minoritized youth.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Childhood Area-Level Ethnic Density and Psychosis Risk Among Ethnoracial Minoritized Individuals in the US

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the fall and spring cohort of the 2020-2021 HMS, in a sample of over 76,000 college students, Oh et al (2022) found that the prevalence of psychotic experiences was significantly higher for Black college students (38%) compared with White college students (30%). Likewise, in their urban sample of emerging adults, Anglin & Lui (2023) found that Black and Asian college students self-reported more psychotic experiences and more distressing psychotic experiences than White college students. Thus, recent US-based studies on psychotic experiences show a clear pattern of racial disparities in prevalence-disparities that are not explained by misdiagnosis or clinician bias and that may have implications for racial disparities in clinical psychosis risk.…”

Section: Ethnoracial Disparities In Psychosismentioning

confidence: 94%

Racism and Social Determinants of Psychosis

Anglin

2023

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified racism as a serious threat to public health. Structural racism is a fundamental cause of inequity within interconnected institutions and the social environments in which we live and develop. This review illustrates how these ethnoracial inequities impact risk for the extended psychosis phenotype. Black and Latinx populations are more likely than White populations to report psychotic experiences in the United States due to social determining factors such as racial discrimination, food insecurity, and police violence. Unless we dismantle these discriminatory structures, the chronic stress and biological consequences of this race-based stress and trauma will impact the next generation's risk for psychosis directly, and indirectly through Black and Latina pregnant mothers. Multidisciplinary early psychosis interventions show promise in improving prognosis, but coordinated care and other treatments still need to be more accessible and address the racism-specific adversities many Black and Latinx people face in their neighborhoods and social environments. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 19 is May 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

show abstract

“…Racial discrimination is positively associated with subthreshold psychotic experiences [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Findings from two epidemiological studies in the United States of America found that increased perceived racial discrimination was associated with higher auditory and visual hallucinations and delusional ideation [22].…”

Section: Racial Discrimination and Schizotypymentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Risk: Gender and Racial Differences in the Relationship between Trauma, Discrimination, and Schizotypy

Monette,

Russell,

Abel

et al. 2024

Behavioral Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traumatic experiences are associated with increased experiences of positive schizotypy. This may be especially important for People of Color, who experience higher rates of trauma and racial discrimination. No study to date has examined how racial disparities in traumatic experiences may impact schizotypy. Furthermore, of the studies that have examined the relationship between trauma and schizotypy, none have examined racial discrimination as a potential moderator. The present study examined if racial discrimination moderates the relationship between trauma and multidimensional (positive, negative, and disorganized) schizotypy. In a sample of 770 college students, we conducted chi-squared analyses, analyses of variance, and stepwise regressions. We found that Black students experienced significantly higher racial discrimination and trauma than Latinx and Asian students. Furthermore, Black and Latinx students experienced significantly more multidimensional schizotypy items than Asian students. Trauma and racial discrimination explained 8 to 23% of the variance in each dimension of schizotypy. Racial discrimination did not moderate the relationships between trauma and multidimensional schizotypy. Our findings suggest that we need to examine risk factors that may prevent recovery from psychotic disorders. Additionally, disorganized schizotypy showed the most robust associations and may be a critical site of intervention.

show abstract

Racial microaggressions and major discriminatory events explain ethnoracial differences in psychotic experiences

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Association of Childhood Area-Level Ethnic Density and Psychosis Risk Among Ethnoracial Minoritized Individuals in the US

Association of Childhood Area-Level Ethnic Density and Psychosis Risk Among Ethnoracial Minoritized Individuals in the US

Racism and Social Determinants of Psychosis

Differential Risk: Gender and Racial Differences in the Relationship between Trauma, Discrimination, and Schizotypy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About