Racial inequality in the Brazilian labor market and the role of education

Firpo, Sérgio; França, Michael; Portella, Alysson

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3967828

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Economic growth is the result of many factors; in at least one of them, human capital expansion, Brazil has been particularly consistent, although there are some concerns over the overall quality of the education provided by the public school system. Challenges also remain in reforming Brazil's social protection and tax systems in a way that preserves the current safety net, but under more progressive fiscal and tax collection policies and without large distortions to economic incentives [12], [13]. These reforms should reduce the cost of formal jobs in Brazil, design cash transfers so they give incentives to formal rather than informal work contracts, and increase the rationality and progressivity of tax collection.…”

Section: Summary and Policy Advicementioning

confidence: 99%

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The labor market in Brazil, 2001–2022

Firpo

2024

izawol

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Inequality reduction in Brazil between 2001 and 2014 resulted from factors that allowed for pro-poor economic growth. These included increases in the real value of the minimum wage, a larger supply of skilled workers, and declining informality. After 2014, economic recession led to an increase in unemployment and informality that disproportionately hurt those at the bottom of the wage distribution. To spur economic growth in an inclusive manner, Brazil should implement reforms in its social protection and tax systems, aiming at enhancing efficiency without reducing coverage, as well as guaranteeing access to high-quality public education to every young Brazilian.

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Section: Summary and Policy Advicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Version 2 of this articles updates figures and adds findings on the effects of Covid-19. It adds new Further readings as well as new Key references [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [9], [10], [11], [12], and [13].…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The labor market in Brazil, 2001–2022

Firpo

2024

izawol

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“…The majority of the population is composed of black and mixed-race individuals, groups that exhibit the worst socioeconomic indicators. White Brazilians consistently have an overrepresentation in higher income stratas [ 24 ], and have higher educational levels [ 25 ] and longer life expectancy [ 26 ]. Based on the 2022 Demographic Census, 57.2% (138.5 million) of the Brazilian population self-identify as Black/Brown, highlighting the substantial influence of African ancestry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements in data completeness in health information systems reveal racial inequalities: longitudinal national data from hospital admissions in Brazil 2010–2022

Coelho,

Rocha,

Hone

2024

Int J Equity Health

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Background Race and ethnicity are important drivers of health inequalities worldwide. However, the recording of race/ethnicity in data systems is frequently insufficient, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to descriptively analyse trends in data completeness in race/color records in hospital admissions and the rates of hospitalizations by various causes for Blacks and Whites individuals. Methods We conducted a longitudinal analysis, examining hospital admission data from Brazil’s Hospital Information System (SIH) between 2010 and 2022, and analysed trends in reporting completeness and racial inequalities. These hospitalization records were examined based on year, quarter, cause of admission (using International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes), and race/color (categorized as Black, White, or missing). We examined the patterns in hospitalization rates and the prevalence of missing data over a period of time. Results Over the study period, there was a notable improvement in data completeness regarding race/color in hospital admissions in Brazil. The proportion of missing values on race decreased from 34.7% in 2010 to 21.2% in 2020. As data completeness improved, racial inequalities in hospitalization rates became more evident – across several causes, including assaults, tuberculosis, hypertensive diseases, at-risk hospitalizations during pregnancy and motorcycle accidents. Conclusions The study highlights the critical role of data quality in identifying and addressing racial health inequalities. Improved data completeness has revealed previously hidden inequalities in health records, emphasizing the need for comprehensive data collection to inform equitable health policies and interventions. Policymakers working in areas where socioeconomic data reporting (including on race and ethnicity) is suboptimal, should address data completeness to fully understand the scale of health inequalities.

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Racial inequality in the Brazilian labor market and the role of education

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

The labor market in Brazil, 2001–2022

The labor market in Brazil, 2001–2022

Improvements in data completeness in health information systems reveal racial inequalities: longitudinal national data from hospital admissions in Brazil 2010–2022

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