Racial Incivility in Everyday Life:  A Conceptual Framework for Linking Process, Person, and Context

Ong, Anthony D.

doi:10.31234/osf.io/sp67j

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Finally, this present investigation considers the role of negative emotionality traits as potential confounds (for a discussion, see Lilienfeld, 2017;Ong, 2021) in the association between affective reactivity to racial discrimination and relationship quality. Considerable evidence indicates that individual differences in neuroticism (a well-established marker of negative emotionality and stress reactivity) may account for differential exposure and reactivity to daily stressors (Bolger & Schilling, 1991;Bolger & Zuckerman, 1995;Gunthert et al, 1999).…”

Section: Affective Reactivity To Daily Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relational Wear and Tear of Everyday Racism Among African American Couples

et al. 2022

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The wear and tear of adapting to chronic stressors such as racism and discrimination can have detrimental effects on mental and physical health. Here, we investigated the wider implications of everyday racism for relationship quality in an adult sample of 98 heterosexual African American couples. Participants reported on their experiences of racial discrimination and positive and negative affect for 21 consecutive evenings. Using dyadic analyses, we found that independently of age, gender, marital status, income, racial-discrimination frequency, neuroticism, and mean levels of affect, participants’ relationship quality was inversely associated with their partner’s negative affective reactivity to racial discrimination. Associations did not vary by gender, suggesting that the effects of affective reactivity were similar for men and women. These findings highlight the importance of a dyadic approach and call for further research examining the role of everyday racism as a key source of stress in the lives of African American couples.

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Section: Affective Reactivity To Daily Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relational Wear and Tear of Everyday Racism Among African American Couples

et al. 2022

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“…Drawing on stress across the life span, biopsychosocial models of racism, and daily process research, Ong (2021; this issue) proposes a conceptual framework for investigating daily stress processes, cumulative stressor exposures, and social structural factors (e.g., institutions, social roles, statuses) that may affect the experience of racial microaggressions in everyday life. Ong describes microaggressions as dynamic in character, considerably varied across individuals, and shaped by the interplay of stressor exposures across multiple timescales and levels of analysis.…”

Section: Consequences and Harmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Microaggressions: Critical Questions, State of the Science, and New Directions

Williams

2021

Perspect Psychol Sci

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Racial microaggressions are an insidious form of racism with devastating mental-health outcomes, but the concept has not been embraced by all scholars. This article provides an overview of new scholarship on racial microaggressions from an array of diverse scholars in psychology, education, and philosophy, with a focus on new ways to define, conceptualize, and categorize racial microaggressions. Racism, along with its many forms and manifestations, is defined and clarified, drawing attention to the linkages between racial microaggressions and systemic racism. Importantly, the developmental entry points leading to the inception of racial bias in children are discussed. Theoretical issues are explored, including the measurement of intersectional microaggressions and the power dynamics underpinning arguments designed to discredit the nature of racial microaggressions. Also described are the very real harms caused by racial microaggressions, with new frameworks for measurement and intervention. These articles reorient the field to this pertinent and pervasive problem and pave the way for action-based responses and interventions. The next step in the research must be to develop interventions to remedy the harms caused by microaggressions on victims. Further, psychology must make a fervent effort to root out racism that prevents scholarship on these topics from advancing.

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“…Individuals differ in the ways they respond to stress, including in appraisal processes, stressor reactivity, recovery, and coping choice and effectiveness. In turn, the ways that people respond to daily stress can influence long-term health through biobehavioral pathways, such as cardiometabolic functioning, inflammation, and sleep (Ong, 2021). Prior work established between-person associations between discrimination and mental and physical health outcomes (Lewis et al, 2015;Williams et al, 2003), and between discrimination and the biobehavioral pathways mentioned (Lewis et al, 2006(Lewis et al, , 2010Slopen et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scholars posit that discrimination is a type of psychosocial stressor (Lewis et al, 2015; Williams et al, 2019). A recent framework proposed daily stress processes (e.g., exposure, reactivity, and recovery) as the nexus through which everyday discrimination influences long-term health risks (Ong, 2021). In this framework, experiences of everyday discrimination are situated within a social structure in which institutions distribute power, opportunity, and resources inequitably across social groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Everyday discrimination, daily affect, and physical symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ong¹,

Klaiber²,

DeLongis³

et al. 2022

Health Psychology

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Objective: Abundant evidence has linked everyday discrimination with health risks. Because the COVID-19 pandemic has increased exposure to discrimination (e.g., based on age and race), it is important to understand the day-to-day implications of discrimination experiences for well-being. Furthermore, daily positive events were examined as a moderator due to their potential for mitigating the associations between everyday discrimination and well-being. Method: From March to August 2020, 1,212 participants aged 18-91 in the United States and Canada (84% women, 75% White) completed surveys for seven consecutive evenings about everyday discrimination, positive events, physical health symptoms, and positive and negative affect. Data were analyzed using multilevel models and controlled for sociodemographic factors. Results: Everyday discrimination was reported on 9.3% of days when in-person or remote social interactions occurred. Within-persons, positive affect was lower and negative affect and physical symptoms were higher on days when discrimination occurred versus on days without discrimination. Positive events mitigated the within-person association between everyday discrimination and same-day negative affect, but not for positive affect or physical symptoms. Discrimination perceived to be due to age was associated with higher negative affect and lower positive affect within-persons. Positive events did not moderate the associations between age-based discrimination and same-day outcomes. Conclusions: Everyday discrimination was related to lower daily positive affect and higher negative affect and physical symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides initial evidence that daily positive events partially offset the increased negative affect associated with same-day discrimination.

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Racial Incivility in Everyday Life: A Conceptual Framework for Linking Process, Person, and Context

Cited by 3 publications

References 86 publications

The Relational Wear and Tear of Everyday Racism Among African American Couples

The Relational Wear and Tear of Everyday Racism Among African American Couples

Racial Microaggressions: Critical Questions, State of the Science, and New Directions

Everyday discrimination, daily affect, and physical symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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