Racial exclusion causes acute cortisol release among emerging-adult African Americans: The role of reduced perceived control

Peterson, Laurel M.; Stock, Michelle L.; Monroe, Janet; Molloy-Paolillo, Brianne K; Lambert, Sharon F.

doi:10.1080/00224545.2020.1729685

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…Other potential mechanisms linking PD to lapse include self-efficacy and motivation to quit smoking. The broader literature (i.e., nontobacco studies) shows that PD reduces perceived self-control (a similar construct to self-efficacy; Peterson et al, 2020) and that perceived self-control mediates the relationship between PD and substance use (e.g., Gibbons et al, 2012). Importantly, previous EMA research has demonstrated a link between low self-efficacy and cessation outcomes (e.g., Gwaltney et al, 2005; Shiffman et al, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived discrimination and smoking lapse among Mexican Americans: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Vinci¹,

Cambron²,

Lam³

et al. 2021

Health Psychology

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Objective: Racial/ethnic minorities face unique stressors, including perceived discrimination (PD), that may increase the difficulty of quitting smoking relative to the general population of smokers. The current study examines the impact of acute PD on smoking lapse during a quit attempt, as well as potential mechanisms linking PD to lapse among Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans. Method: Participants (N = 169) were Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans living in the United States who completed ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) multiple times per day for 21 days postquit. A multilevel structural equation model decomposed the effect of PD on smoking lapse into indirect effects through negative affect, positive affect, smoking urge, motivation to quit, and self-efficacy. Results: Results indicated that PD operated indirectly through negative affect, positive affect, and urge to smoke, above and beyond other mechanisms, to increase risk for smoking lapse. Conclusions: Findings have direct implications for intervention development among this population, including the potential for developing strategies to buffer the impact of PD, as well as skills to directly manage increased negative affect and urge to smoke. Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) might be particularly useful, given they are designed to deliver treatment in real-time (e.g., delivery of strategies to build resilience and implement coping strategies) that could counter the impact of PD on smoking lapse.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived discrimination and smoking lapse among Mexican Americans: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Vinci¹,

Cambron²,

Lam³

et al. 2021

Health Psychology

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“…Few studies have explored responses to acute discriminatory events in a standardised way in the laboratory. 25 26 However, they were limited to single discriminatory events 27 or exclusion paradigms 28 and did not investigate responses to acute ethnic discrimination in everyday life. Acute discriminatory events in everyday life may occur in many forms and across contexts, that is, they may be subtle or overt, intentional or unintentional, interpersonal or online.…”

Section: Chronic Ethnic Discrimination As a Stressormentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic ethnic discrimination in the daily life of Turkish immigrants living in Austria: study protocol of a 30-day ambulatory assessment study

2021

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IntroductionChronic ethnic discrimination is associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes in ethnic minority groups. It is assumed that suffering from repeated discriminatory events leads, over time, to psychological consequences such as higher perceived stress, higher negative affect and lower positive affect. Higher stress reactivity to non-discriminatory stressors, such as daily hassles, as well as anticipation and avoidance behaviour regarding discriminatory events, may further contribute to the overall burden for affected individuals. Studies investigating chronic ethnic discrimination and its psychological consequences in the daily lives of affected persons are lacking. Here, we present a study protocol to investigate the impact of chronic ethnic discrimination and acute discriminatory events in the daily lives of Turkish immigrants living in Austria, using an ambulatory assessment design. The feasibility of our study design was tested and confirmed in a pilot study (n=10).Methods and analysisNinety male Turkish immigrants will complete daily questionnaires for 30 days. Participants will indicate stress, perceived discrimination, negative and positive affect, daily hassles, anticipation and avoidance behaviour, as well as rumination with regard to discriminatory events on a daily basis. Furthermore, they will use preprogrammed iPods to assess acute discriminatory events in real time. Our hypotheses will be tested using multilevel analyses.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the institutional review board of the University of Vienna (reference number 00358). Results will be presented at conferences and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

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“…In a study examining race and age moderation, Black individuals showed greater age‐related decreases in heart rate variability in response to acute stressors, compared to White participants (Fuller‐Rowell et al., 2013). Although perceived control has been shown to mediate the link between racial exclusion and greater cortisol reactivity to a social laboratory‐based stressor (Peterson et al., 2020), the question of whether race moderates the association between perceived control and stress reactivity remains unanswered.…”

Section: Facets and Moderators Of Perceived Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that perceived control and cortisol profiles have been found to differ between racial (e.g., Assari, 2017; Cohen et al., 2006) and age groups (e.g., Drewelies et al., 2017; Roelfsema et al., 2017), further examination of the facets of perceived control and conceptually relevant contextual moderators (specifically, race and age) is warranted to advance our understanding of the link between perceived control and stress processes (Infurna & Mayer, 2015; Lachman et al., 2011). Although several studies have separately examined the roles of age (Agrigoroaei et al., 2013; Diehl & Hay, 2010; Neupert et al., 2007) or race (Bruce & Thornton, 2004; Miller et al., 1995; Peterson et al., 2020; Sastry & Ross, 1998) in the association between perceived control and stress, to our knowledge no research on this topic has focused on the intersection of age and race.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived control and reactivity to acute stressors: Variations by age, race and facets of control

Wen

Sin

2021

Stress and Health

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Greater perceived control is associated with better health and well‐being outcomes, possibly through more adaptive stress processes. Yet little research has examined whether facets of perceived control (personal mastery and perceived constraints) predict psychological and physiological stress reactivity. The present study evaluated the associations of personal mastery and perceived constraints with changes in subjective stress and cortisol in response to acute laboratory stressors, with age and race as potential moderators. In the Midlife in the United States Refresher Study (N = 633 adults aged 25–75), participants completed a baseline perceived control measure and were subsequently recruited to participate in the laboratory stress protocol. The protocol consisted of completing two mental stress tasks (mental arithmetic and Stroop) as well as providing saliva samples and subjective stress ratings. Race moderated the association between perceived constraints and subjective stress reactivity, such that higher constraints predicted greater subjective stress responses in White participants, but no association was observed in Black participants. Higher personal mastery and perceived constraints each predicted greater increases in cortisol in response to the stress tasks (AUCi) among younger but not older adults. These findings suggest that older adults were buffered against the association between facets of control and cortisol stress reactivity. Discussion on potential racial differences in the link between constraints and stress reactivity are elaborated further, as well as considerations for future work to distinguish between facets of control and examine age and racial differences.

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Racial exclusion causes acute cortisol release among emerging-adult African Americans: The role of reduced perceived control

Abstract: , S. (2016). Past racial discrimination exacerbates the effects of racial exclusion on negative affect, perceived control, and alcohol-risk cognitions among Black young adults.

Cited by 32 publications

References 93 publications

Perceived discrimination and smoking lapse among Mexican Americans: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Perceived discrimination and smoking lapse among Mexican Americans: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Effects of chronic ethnic discrimination in the daily life of Turkish immigrants living in Austria: study protocol of a 30-day ambulatory assessment study

Perceived control and reactivity to acute stressors: Variations by age, race and facets of control

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