Racial/ethnic variations in male testosterone levels: A probable contributor to group differences in health

Ellis, Lee M.; Nyborg, Helmuth

doi:10.1016/0039-128x(92)90032-5

Cited by 171 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…All covariates were carefully selected based on previous studies [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Age (12-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, or 70+) was obtained from a demographic questionnaire.…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the American Cancer Society's Cancer Facts and Figures 2014, black males have the highest PCa incidence (220 per 100,000) and mortality (50.9 per 100,000) rates, while white males have relatively low incidence (138.6 per 100,000) and mortality (21.3 per 100,000) rates [3]. Although some studies have reported no statistically significant differences between the circulating levels of testosterone of black and white males [4][5][6][7][8][9], others have reported higher levels in black males [10][11][12][13][14]. Given these inconsistent results, testosterone levels do not seem to provide a clear answer to the problem of racial disparities in PCa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial Differences in Age-Related Variations of Testosterone Levels Among US Males: Potential Implications for Prostate Cancer and Personalized Medication

Odedina

Reams

et al. 2014

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Aim The magnitude of the age-related declines in testosterone rather than levels measured at single point in time may be related to the genesis of prostate cancer (PCa). We examined age-related variations of testosterone levels among black and white males, which may provide important insights into racial disparities in PCa incidence and mortality. Method We analyzed data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey to compare agerelated variations in the testosterone levels of 355 black and 631 white males. Result Overall, between the ages of 12 and 15, black males had lower testosterone levels than white males. Testosterone levels increased rapidly with age and reached higher and earlier peak levels in black males compared to white males at 20-30 years of age. After reaching a peak level, testosterone levels declined earlier in blacks than in whites. Further analyses showed that black males had considerably higher levels of testosterone compared to white males aged 20-39 years after adjusting for covariates, including age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, physical activity, and waist circumference; however, no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups at any other age. ConclusionOur study revealed that testosterone levels in black males decrease substantially with increasing age compared to those in white males. This rapid drop in testosterone levels may contribute to racial disparities in PCa. Our findings also suggest that personalized medication for hormone replacement therapy may be necessary to avoid sudden drops in testosterone levels, particularly for black males.

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Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Differences in Age-Related Variations of Testosterone Levels Among US Males: Potential Implications for Prostate Cancer and Personalized Medication

Odedina

Reams

et al. 2014

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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“…69 Higher concentrations of free testosterone have also been recorded in young black men compared to young white men. 70,71 However, the possibility that other genetic, lifestyle, or environmental influences may contribute to this association should not be excluded.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of testicular cancer: An overview

Garner

Turner

Ghadirian

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

235

191

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Testicular cancer is a rare disease, accounting for 1.1% of all malignant neoplasms in Canadian males. Despite the low overall incidence of testicular cancer, it is the most common malignancy among young men. The incidence rate of testicular cancer has been increasing since the middle of the 20th century in many western countries. However, the etiology of testicular cancer is not well understood. A search of the peer-reviewed literature was conducted to identify important articles for review and inclusion in this overview of the epidemiology of testicular cancer. Most of the established risk factors are related to early life events, including cryptorchidism, carcinoma in situ and in utero exposure to estrogens. Occupational, lifestyle, socioeconomic and other risk factors have demonstrated mixed associations with testicular cancer. Although there are few established risk factors for testicular cancer, some appear to be related to hormonal balance at various life stages. Lifestyle and occupational exposures occurring later in life may play a role in promoting the disease, although they are not likely involved in cancer initiation. In addition to summarizing the current epidemiologic evidence on risk factors for testicular cancer, we suggest future research directions that may elucidate the etiology of testicular cancer. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Over the last 30 years, many studies have sought to discover factors associated with the development and promotion of testicular cancer. At present, however, there are few well-established risk factors for this disease, most notably cryptorchidism and age. For the most part, the etiology of testicular cancer remains unknown.This article provides an overview of risk factors that have been associated with testicular cancer to date. The purpose of this overview is to summarize the scientific literature on the epidemiology of testicular cancer, thereby providing a guide for future research that will advance our knowledge of testicular cancer etiology. Our overview is based on a detailed literature search dating to the late 1960s that was carried out through electronic databases and Medline. The publications considered in this overview are reliable scientific articles on the etiology of testicular cancer from different parts of the world. Incidence trendsThe worldwide incidence of testicular cancer has doubled over the last 40 years.1 In most countries, testicular cancer is rare, with an age-standardized incidence rate ranging from about 1/100,000 in Asian and African/African-American populations to 9.2/ 100,000 in Denmark (Table I).2 The age distribution of testicular cancer is distinct from that for other cancers, with the majority of cases occurring between the ages of 25-35.3 A second, much smaller, peak occurs after 80 years of age.3-5 Testicular cancer incidence varies markedly by race, with blacks and other nonwhite races exhibiting extremely low rates in comparison to white populations.

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“…Efforts to correlate more aggressive biology with racial differences have included whole-genome prostate cancer association studies which have identified susceptibility loci for prostate cancer (14)(15)(16). Increased androgen levels and androgen receptor expression have been implicated in the development and rapid progression of prostate cancer in AA (17)(18)(19). Also, higher levels of insulin-like growth factor-I and lower levels of IGF binding protein-3 have been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced expression of SOS1 is detected in prostate cancer epithelial cells from African-American men

Dritschilo¹

2009

Int J Oncol

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Abstract. African-American (AA) men experience an increased risk of developing prostate cancers as well as increased mortality following treatment as compared to European-American (EA) men. The aim of our study was to identify biological factors with the potential to predispose AA men to prostate tumor progression and metastasis. To identify cancer-specific gene expression patterns in AA men, we established primary prostate cancer epithelial cells from 14 AA and 13 EA men. High-throughput microarrays were used to investigate differences in global gene expression comparing the two groups. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry validated mRNA and protein expression levels. RNAi knockdowns provided support for biological significance for the identified genes in prostate cancer cells. Son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1) was overexpressed in AA male-derived primary prostate cancer epithelial cells. Depletion of SOS1 in PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells resulted in decreased capacities for cell proliferation, migration and invasion, at least partially through inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2. Tissue microarray analyses of SOS1 expression in prostate carcinomas correlated with Gleason's grades of tumors, consistent with a possible role in prostate cancer progression. Investigation of prostate cancer-derived epithelial cells has led to identification of SOS1 as a potential candidate biomarker and molecular therapeutic target in prostate cancer in AA men, consistent with the hypothesis that a biological basis exists for prostate cancer aggressiveness in AA men.

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Racial/ethnic variations in male testosterone levels: A probable contributor to group differences in health

Cited by 171 publications

References 26 publications

Racial Differences in Age-Related Variations of Testosterone Levels Among US Males: Potential Implications for Prostate Cancer and Personalized Medication

Racial Differences in Age-Related Variations of Testosterone Levels Among US Males: Potential Implications for Prostate Cancer and Personalized Medication

Epidemiology of testicular cancer: An overview

Enhanced expression of SOS1 is detected in prostate cancer epithelial cells from African-American men

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