Racial/Ethnic Residential Segregation and the First Wave of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rates: A Spatial Analysis of Four U.S. Cities

Anderson, Kathryn Freeman; Lopez, Angelica; Simburger, Dylan

doi:10.1177/07311214211041967

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(163 reference statements)

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“…The pandemic has created financial instability, as many governments at different levels experienced budget shortfalls (NCSL 2020 ). The pandemic also disproportionately affected vulnerable groups: Groups with high social vulnerability have a higher likelihood of infection and death and the economic losses (Karaye and Horney 2020 ; Gaynor and Wilson 2020 ; CDC 2020 ; Anderson et al, 2021 ; Rifat and Liu 2021 ). The factors presented in this study (e.g., socioeconomic variables, social relations, and government aid programs) can be useful to predicting vulnerability to cope with unexpected pandemics and other disasters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar case is found with Hurricane Andrew; disaster-affected rental homes in minority areas recovered more slowly than those in majority areas during financial shortages (Zhang and Peacock 2009 ; Reid 2013 ). Recent studies show that even in the case of human-induced disasters, such as COVID-19, racially identified vulnerable groups are more likely to be exposed and vulnerable to those types of disasters (Mladenov and Brennan 2021 ; Anderson et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Review Of Vulnerability In Sociology Economics and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groups that are unable to prepare themselves for disasters or to recover from damage on their own have a high dependency on government services relevant to disaster preparedness and recovery (Miller and Simile 1992 ; Cutter et al 2003 ; Fothergill and Peek 2004 ; Zhang and Peacock 2009 ), which inevitably leads to more government spending (Benson and Clay 2004 ). In fact, the COVID‐19 pandemic substantiates this concern that disastrous events place vulnerable people at a greater risk of devastating consequences (CDC 2020 ; Gaynor and Wilson 2020 ; Anderson et al 2021 ). As such, governments can better project the entire cost of disasters by proactively identifying high-vulnerable populations, and, in turn, effectively managing their finances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cost of social vulnerability: an integrative conceptual framework and model for assessing financial risks in natural disaster management

2022

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Groups that are unable to prepare for disasters, or to recover from damage on their own, have a high dependency on government services, which inevitably leads to more government spending. Given this, governments can better project the entire cost of disasters and, in turn, effectively manage their finances, by proactively identifying high-vulnerable populations in anticipating financial costs of disasters. However, little attention has been paid to social vulnerability in assessing financial risks in the natural hazards or public finance studies. Thus, this article fills this gap by bringing the concept of social vulnerability from three different fields of study to propose a conceptual framework and corresponding applicable model for estimating disaster costs to inform governmental financial management: the sociological literature on disaster management, economics literature on risk management, and environmental literature of disasters. We review 134 articles on vulnerability from 1990 to 2021, assessing the different conceptualizations of social vulnerability, and the factors affecting vulnerable populations, in each literature. This study contributes to the natural hazards literature on financial and emergency management by integrating the existing literature on social vulnerability into a conceptual framework for measuring social vulnerability and relating it to efforts to assess the financial impact of disasters. Furthermore, based on this conceptual framework, we develop an applicable model for estimating the financial costs of disasters that researchers or governments may apply to assess and develop effective strategies for managing the financial risks associated with disasters. Specifically, the model, which we call the cost of social vulnerability to disasters model (CSVDM), suggests specific indicators from the literature to measure the costs of social vulnerability to more accurately predict the financial impact of disasters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Vulnerability In Sociology Economics and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cost of social vulnerability: an integrative conceptual framework and model for assessing financial risks in natural disaster management

2022

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“…In 2001, Williams and Collins proposed that segregation was a "fundamental cause" of racial health disparities through multiple mechanisms and for multiple disease outcomes. Although most of the ensuing literature focused on how racial segregation was related to overall mortality and chronic disease outcomes, new scholarship suggests that segregation may also be a fundamental cause of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality (Moran et al 2020, Hendryx and Luo 2020, Zalla et al 2021, Anderson et al 2021.…”

Section: Why Does Segregation Affect Health?mentioning

confidence: 99%

County-Level Segregation and Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes

Trounstine

Goldman‐Mellor

2022

Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law

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Context: Segregation has been linked to unequal life chances. Individuals from marginalized communities experience more crime, higher levels of poverty, poor health, and less civic engagement; and segregated metropolitan regions witness inequality in access to basic services. This paper builds on this previous work by linking segregation to infection and deaths from COVID-19. Methods: Using Census data matched to COVID infection and death statistics at the county level, we offer a theoretical basis for our choice of segregation measures and predictions for different racial groups. We analyze the relationship between two dimensions of segregation, racial isolation and racial unevenness, and COVID outcomes for different racial and ethnic groups. Findings: We find that in counties where Black and Latino residents live in more isolated neighborhoods, they were much more likely to contract COVID-19. This pattern was exacerbated in counties with a high proportion of front-line workers. We also find that racial segregation increased COVID-19 death rates for Black, Latino, and white residents. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that devastating outcomes of the coronavirus pandemic were linked to a long history of racial marginalization and entrenched discrimination produced by structural inequalities embedded in our geographies and should inform public health planning going forward.

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“…Using geo-behavioral data, Terrence Hill, Kelsey E. Gonzalez, and Andrew Davis (2020) find that states with greater Trump support show lower levels of sheltering-in-place and greater mobility (distance traveled). Kathryn Anderson, Angelica Lopez, and Dylan Simburger (2021) extend the literature on racial/ethnic residential segregation and health by analyzing the association between zip code-level segregation and COVID-19 cases in New York City, Chicago, Houston, and San Diego. These authors find that black and Latino residential clustering is associated with a higher infection rate.…”

Section: Contributions To the Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%