Racial/ethnic minority and neighborhood disadvantage leads to disproportionate mortality burden and years of potential life lost due to COVID-19 in Chicago, Illinois

Pierce, Jacob B.; Harrington, Katharine; McCabe, Megan; Petito, Lucia; Kershaw, Kiarri N.; Pool, Lindsay R.; Allen, Norrina B; Khan, Sadiya S.

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102540

Cited by 56 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…29 However, Black and Hispanic adolescents may be less likely to receive a depression diagnosis and treatment when needed. 15 Black communities have experienced disproportionate health and economic impacts of COVID-19 as a result of structural racism, 30,31 which may explain the increase in depressive symptoms in Black adolescents and suggest growing unmet mental health needs. In addition, persistent school closures and stricter social distancing policies in urban areas may have disproportionately increased isolation among non-Hispanic Black adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Adolescent Depression and Suicide Risk Screening Outcomes

et al. 2021

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Data from a large pediatric primary care network demonstrates increases in positive depression and suicide risk screens during the COVID-19 pandemic.What's Known on This Subject: Adolescent mental heath concerns have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents are routinely screened for depression and suicidality in pediatric primary care, but past studies have not examined changes in these outcomes during the pandemic in the primary care setting. What This Study Adds:Using electronic health record data from a large pediatric primary care network, this study identified increases in the proportion of adolescents screening positive for depressive symptoms and suicide risk in pediatric primary care during the pandemic, especially among female adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Adolescent Depression and Suicide Risk Screening Outcomes

et al. 2021

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“…Baqui et al (2020) analyzed hospitalized cases (in SIVEP-Gripe) and reported that deaths among browns and blacks were higher than in whites, indigenous people and Asians; in the states of the north and north-east, this difference was more than 40% and, in the other states, the difference was more than 29% [ 27 ]. Pierce et al (2020) analyzed COVID-19 mortality in Chicago (USA) and estimated the YPLLs per 100,000 inhabitants at 559 years for the black population and 312 years for whites [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Due to COVID-19 in Brazil

Castro

Moreira

Bermejo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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In November 2020, Brazil ranked third in the number of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and second in the number of deaths due to the disease. We carried out a descriptive study of deaths, mortality rate, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and excess mortality due to COVID-19, based on SARS-CoV-2 records in SIVEP-Gripe (Ministry of Health of Brazil) from 16 February 2020, to 1 January 2021. In this period, there were 98,025 deaths from COVID-19 in Brazil. Men accounted for 60.5% of the estimated 1.2 million YPLLs. High YPLL averages showed prematurity of deaths. The population aged 45–64 years (both sexes) represented more than 50% of all YPLLs. Risk factors were present in 69.5% of deaths, with heart disease, diabetes and obesity representing the most prevalent comorbidities in both sexes. Indigenous people had the lowest number of deaths and the highest average YPLL. However, in indigenous people, pregnant women and mothers had an average YPLL of over 35 years. The excess mortality for Brazil was estimated at 122,914 deaths (9.2%). The results show that the social impacts of YPLL due to COVID-19 are different depending on gender, race and risk factors. YPLL and excess mortality can be used to guide the prioritization of health interventions, such as prioritization of vaccination, lockdowns, or distribution of facial masks for the most vulnerable populations.

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“…In particular, Chicago, the third-most populous city in the United States composed of 77 distinct community areas with a wide breadth of social and economic diversity, has experienced significant differential neighborhood-level impact of the pandemic. [2][3][4][5] Income level strongly influences an individual's ability to take protective measures against viral transmission, including staying home. 6 Essential workers disproportionately reside in higher hardship communities and have had less ability to work from home; however, service and low-income workers may also have been more likely to lose their employment as many small businesses and restaurants closed or reduced staff, forcing them to stay home.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood deprivation and preterm delivery during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic

Fisher¹,

Sakowicz²,

Barnard³

et al. 2022

American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM

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Background Prior studies have reported decreases in preterm delivery (PTD) incidence during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, however findings are inconsistent. Given wide disparities in the pandemic's impact across communities, neighborhood deprivation may explain observed variation in the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and preterm delivery. Objective To characterize changes in the incidence of PTD during the COVID-19 pandemic with attention to effect modification introduced by neighborhood hardship. Study Design This retrospective cohort study included all pregnant patients who delivered at an urban tertiary care hospital during the pandemic (April-November 2020) or pre-pandemic (April-November 2019). We compared the incidence of PTD, spontaneous PTD, and medically indicated PTD prior to 37 weeks’ gestation across epochs. Planned analyses stratified the cohorts by neighborhood deprivation metrics defined by residential zip code, including median neighborhood household income and hardship index (a composite index including dependency, educational attainment, unemployment, poverty, per capita income, and crowded housing). The Breslow-Day test for homogeneity assessed the association of delivery epoch and neighborhood deprivation with PTD outcome. Results Of 16,544 eligible deliveries, 8.7% occurred preterm. Incidences of PTD (8.4% vs. 9.0%, p=0.17), spontaneous PTD (5.0 vs 5.4%, p=0.27), and medically indicated PTD (3.2% v 3.5%, p=0.47) were similar between the pandemic and pre-pandemic epochs. However, PTD (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.96) and spontaneous PTD (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.99) decreased from the pre-pandemic to pandemic epoch in those living in neighborhoods <50 th percentile for median income (Breslow-Day p-values 0.047 and 0.036, respectively). Similarly, PTD (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64-0.97) and spontaneous PTD (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.98) decreased for those inhabiting neighborhoods in the highest-hardship quartile (Breslow-Day p-values 0.045 and 0.029, respectively). Conclusion Populations residing in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods experienced reductions in preterm delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neighborhood-level social determinants of health offer insight into the complex etiologies that contribute to preterm delivery, and provide opportunities for public health, equity-focused prevention strategies.

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Racial/ethnic minority and neighborhood disadvantage leads to disproportionate mortality burden and years of potential life lost due to COVID-19 in Chicago, Illinois

Cited by 56 publications

References 12 publications

COVID-19 and Adolescent Depression and Suicide Risk Screening Outcomes

COVID-19 and Adolescent Depression and Suicide Risk Screening Outcomes

Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Due to COVID-19 in Brazil

Neighborhood deprivation and preterm delivery during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic

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