Racial/ethnic disparities in the cause of death among patients with prostate cancer in the United States from 1995 to 2019: a population-based retrospective cohort study

Zeng, Hongmei; Xu, Maowen; Xie, Yingwei; Nawrocki, Sergiusz; Morze, Jakub; Ran, Xianhui; Shan, Tianhao; Xia, Changfa; Wang, Yixin; Lu, Lingeng; Yu, Xue Qin; Azeredo, Catarina Machado; Ji, John S.; Yuan, Xiaomei; Curi-Quinto, Katherine; Liu, Yuexin; Liu, Bingsheng; Wang, Tao; Ping, Hao; Giovannucci, Edward L.

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102138

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The patients were representative of a national prostate cancer cohort (ref. 21 ; Supplementary Table S2 ). Patients had NCCN low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer and were on AS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution Diffusion-weighted Imaging to Detect Changes in Tumor Size and ADC, and Predict Adverse Biopsy Histology during Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance

Saouaf,

Xie,

Kim

et al. 2024

Cancer Research Communications

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Purpose: Majority of men with low-risk prostate cancer can be managed with active surveillance (AS). This study evaluates a high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging (HR-DWI) technique to predict adverse biopsy histology (AH), defined as Gleason score >=7 on any biopsy or >=3 increase in number of positive biopsy cores on systematic biopsies. We test the hypothesis that high grade disease and progressing disease undergo subtle changes during even short intervals that can be detected by HR-DWI. Patients and Methods: In a prospective clinical trial, serial multiparametric MRIs, incorporating HR-DWI and standard DWI (S-DWI) were performed approximately 12 months apart prior to prostate biopsy (n=59). HR-DWI, which uses reduced field-of-view and motion compensation techniques, was compared to S-DWI. Results: HR-DWI had a 3-fold improvement in special resolution compared with S-DWI as confirmed using imaging phantoms. For detecting AH, multi-parametric MRI using HR-DWI had a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 83.9%, and MRI using S-DWI had a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 54.8%. The area under the curve for HR-DWI was significantly higher (0.794 vs 0.631, p=0.014). Secondary analyses of univariable predictors of AH showed tumor size increase (OR 16.8, 95% CI 4.06-69.48, p<0.001) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) decrease (OR 5.06, 95% CI 1.39-18.38, p=0.014) on HR-DWI were significant predictors of AH. Conclusion: HR-DWI outperforms S-DWI in predicting AH. Patient with AH have tumors that change in size and ADC that could be detected using HR-DWI. Future studies with longer follow-up should assess HR-DWI for predicting disease progression during AS.

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“…The patients were representative of a national prostate cancer cohort (ref. 21 ; Supplementary Table S2 ). Patients had NCCN low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer and were on AS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution Diffusion-weighted Imaging to Detect Changes in Tumor Size and ADC, and Predict Adverse Biopsy Histology during Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance

Saouaf,

Xie,

Kim

et al. 2024

Cancer Research Communications

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“…It’s hypothesized that these disparities in cancer outcomes may be partially linked to socioeconomic disadvantages, which are disproportionately higher among NH-Black populations. This could lead to inferior quality of cancer care ( 17 - 19 ). In our analysis, a greater proportion of NH-Black patients were found to live in low-income situations compared to their NH-White counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent racial/ethnic disparities in cancer-specific mortality among patients diagnosed with rectal cancer

Li,

Xu,

Chen

et al. 2024

Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol

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Background African American patients frequently receive nonstandard treatment and demonstrate poorer overall survival (OS) outcomes compared to White patients. Our objective was to analysis whether racial/ethnic disparities in rectal cancer-specific mortality remain after accounting for clinical characteristics, treatment, and access-to-care-related factors. Methods Individuals diagnosed with rectal cancer between 2011 and 2020 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database. The cumulative incidence of rectal cancer-specific mortality was computed. Sub-distribution hazard ratios (sdHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for rectal cancer-specific mortality associated with race/ethnicity were estimated using Fine and Gray model with stepwise adjustments for clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and factors related to access-to-care. Results Among 54,370 patients, non-Hispanic (NH) Black individuals exhibited the highest cumulative incidence of rectal cancer-specific mortality (39%), followed by American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) (35%), Hispanics (32%), NH-White (31%), and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) (30%). After adjusting for clinical characteristics, NH-Black patients had a 28% increased risk of rectal cancer mortality (sdHR, 1.28; 95% CI: 1.20–1.35) compared to NH-White patients. In contrast, mortality disparities between Hispanic-White, AI/AN-White, and API-White groups were not significant. The Black-White mortality differences persisted even after adjustments for treatment and access-to-care-related factors. In stratified analyses, among patients with a median household income below $59,999, AI/AN patients showed higher mortality than NH-Whites when adjusted for clinical characteristics (sdHR, 1.32; 95% CI: 1.03–1.70). Conclusions Overall, the racial/ethnic disparities in rectal cancer-specific mortality were largely attributable to differences in clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and factors related to access-to-care. These findings emphasize the critical need for equitable healthcare to effectively address and reduce the significant racial/ethnic disparities in rectal cancer outcomes.

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“…Ethnicity is another potential risk for prostate cancer in senior men. It has been shown that the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are doubled in the African American group among all other racial groups, whereas Asian American men have the lowest chance for prostate cancer [ 38 , 39 , 40 ], thus indicating prostate cancer disparity.…”

Section: Ros In Prostate Cancer Development Progression and Dissemina...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among different racial groups, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that African Americans and/or men with African ancestry are affected the most by prostate cancer disparity, as they have the highest incidence rate and cancer deaths from prostate cancer [ 40 , 51 ]. Many factors can contribute to the prostate cancer disparity in African American men, and these include socioeconomic status, biological factors, cultural mistrust of the health care system [ 52 ], poor communication between African American men and their physicians [ 53 , 54 ], and a lack of knowledge on prostate cancer in black families and communities [ 55 , 56 ], etc.…”

Section: Prostate Cancer Disparity In African Americansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species in Prostate Cancer and Its Disparity in African Descendants

Liou,

C’lay-Pettis,

Kavuri

2024

IJMS

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in almost all disorders, including cancer. Many factors, including aging, a high-fat diet, a stressful lifestyle, smoking, infection, genetic mutations, etc., lead to elevated levels of ROS. Prostate cancer, the most prevalent type of cancer in senior American men and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in American men, results from chronic oxidative stress. The doubled incident rate as well as the doubled mortality numbers of prostate cancer have persisted in African Americans in comparison with Caucasian Americans and other racial groups, indicating a prostate cancer disparity in African American men. In this review, we mainly focus on the latest findings on ROS in prostate cancer development and progression within the last five years to update our understanding in this area, as several comprehensive literature reviews addressing oxidative stress and/or inflammation in prostate cancer before 2020 are available. In addition to other known factors such as socioeconomic disadvantage, cultural mistrust of the health care system, etc. that are long-existing in the African American group, we also summarize the latest evidence that demonstrated high systemic oxidative stress and inflammation in African Americans for their potential contribution to the racial prostate cancer disparity in this population.

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Racial/ethnic disparities in the cause of death among patients with prostate cancer in the United States from 1995 to 2019: a population-based retrospective cohort study

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

High-resolution Diffusion-weighted Imaging to Detect Changes in Tumor Size and ADC, and Predict Adverse Biopsy Histology during Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance

High-resolution Diffusion-weighted Imaging to Detect Changes in Tumor Size and ADC, and Predict Adverse Biopsy Histology during Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance

Recent racial/ethnic disparities in cancer-specific mortality among patients diagnosed with rectal cancer

Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species in Prostate Cancer and Its Disparity in African Descendants

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