Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pregnancy and Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Commonly Used in Personal Care Products

Chan, Marissa; Mita, Carol; Bellavia, Andrea; Parker, Michaiah; James‐Todd, Tamarra

doi:10.1007/s40572-021-00317-5

Cited by 58 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…We identified demographic differences in several exposures, with Hispanic ethnicity being associated with higher concentrations of multiple pesticides, phthalates, bisphenols, and parabens, consistent with prior evidence that chemical exposures (including certain phthalates, pesticides, and phenols) are frequently higher among women of color. 63 − 65 Racial and ethnic differences in diet and consumer product use, due in part to structural racism, may contribute to these disparities. 66 − 69 Many chemicals associated with race and ethnicity were also observed to be higher among women with lower educational attainment (high school or less).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Contemporary and Emerging Chemicals in Commerce among Pregnant Women in the United States: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcome (ECHO) Program

Buckley

Kuiper

Bennett

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Prenatal chemical exposures can influence maternal and child health; however, few industrial chemicals are routinely biomonitored. We assessed an extensive panel of contemporary and emerging chemicals in 171 pregnant women across the United States (U.S.) and Puerto Rico in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. We simultaneously measured urinary concentrations of 89 analytes (103 total chemicals representing 73 parent compounds) in nine chemical groups: bactericides, benzophenones, bisphenols, fungicides and herbicides, insecticides, organophosphate esters (OPEs), parabens, phthalates/alternative plasticizers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We estimated associations of creatinine-adjusted concentrations with sociodemographic and specimen characteristics. Among our diverse prenatal population (60% non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic), we detected 73 of 89 analytes in ≥1 participant and 36 in >50% of participants. Five analytes not currently included in the U.S. biomonitoring were detected in ≥90% of samples: benzophenone-1, thiamethoxam, mono-2-(propyl-6-carboxy-hexyl) phthalate, monocarboxy isooctyl phthalate, and monohydroxy-iso-decyl phthalate. Many analyte concentrations were higher among women of Hispanic ethnicity compared to those of non-Hispanic White women. Concentrations of certain chemicals decreased with the calendar year, whereas concentrations of their replacements increased. Our largest study to date identified widespread exposures to prevalent and understudied chemicals in a diverse sample of pregnant women in the U.S.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Contemporary and Emerging Chemicals in Commerce among Pregnant Women in the United States: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcome (ECHO) Program

Buckley

Kuiper

Bennett

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…While Triclosan’s critical role has been demonstrated both in reproductive processes [ 23 , 42 , 43 ] and fertility [ 21 , 44 ], its effect on ovarian function have been scarcely investigated. In a previous study, we demonstrated that this substance disrupts the functionality of cultured cells isolated from the swine corpus luteum, the transient endocrine organ that develops after ovulation [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Status, Estrogen and Progesterone Production by Swine Granulosa Cells Are Impaired by Triclosan

Basini

Grasselli

Quintavalla

et al. 2022

Animals

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Triclosan is a chlorinated biphenolic with a broad spectrum of antiseptic activities used in cosmetics and hygiene products. Continuous exposure can lead to the absorption and bioaccumulation of this substance with harmful health effects. In fact, previous studies have shown that Triclosan acts as an endocrine-disrupting chemical on reproductive organs, with consequent negative effects on reproductive physiology. Therefore, to assess potential adverse impacts on fertility, we tested Triclosan on swine granulosa cells, a model of endocrine reproductive cells. We examined its effects on the main features of granulosa cell functions such as cell growth (BrdU incorporation and ATP production) and steroidogenesis (17-β estradiol and progesterone secretion). Moreover, since oxidant–antioxidant balance plays a pivotal role in follicular function, redox status markers (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production, enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavenging activity) were studied. Our results show that Triclosan significantly inhibits cell growth (p < 0.001), steroidogenesis (p < 0.001), superoxide and nitric oxide production (p < 0.001), while it increases (p < 0.05) enzymatic defense systems. Collectively, these data suggest a disruption of the main granulosa cell functions, i.e., proliferation and hormone production, as well as and an imbalance in redox status. On these bases, we can speculate that Triclosan would impair granulosa cell functions, thus exerting negative effects on reproductive function. Further studies are needed to explore lower Triclosan concentrations and to unravel its mechanisms of action at gene level.

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“…Prenatal concentrations vary by calendar year of pregnancy, geographical location and cohort. For example, low molecular weight phthalates (monoethyl phthalate or monobutyl phthalate) are higher within the CANDLE cohort compared with TIDES (table 2); these low molecular weight phthalates are primarily found in personal care products,21 23 but also these concentrations have decreased over time and CANDLE children were born before TIDES children. Overall, concentrations are similar to those measured within the US-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)24 based on year of birth (table 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cohort profile: the ECHO prenatal and early childhood pathways to health consortium (ECHO-PATHWAYS)

et al. 2022

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PurposeExposures early in life, beginning in utero, have long-term impacts on mental and physical health. The ECHO prenatal and early childhood pathways to health consortium (ECHO-PATHWAYS) was established to examine the independent and combined impact of pregnancy and childhood chemical exposures and psychosocial stressors on child neurodevelopment and airway health, as well as the placental mechanisms underlying these associations.ParticipantsThe ECHO-PATHWAYS consortium harmonises extant data from 2684 mother–child dyads in three pregnancy cohort studies (CANDLE [Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood], TIDES [The Infant Development and Environment Study] and GAPPS [Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth]) and collects prospective data under a unified protocol. Study participants are socioeconomically diverse and include a large proportion of Black families (38% Black and 51% White), often under-represented in research. Children are currently 5–15 years old. New data collection includes multimodal assessments of primary outcomes (airway health and neurodevelopment) and exposures (air pollution, phthalates and psychosocial stress) as well as rich covariate characterisation. ECHO-PATHWAYS is compiling extant and new biospecimens in a central biorepository and generating the largest placental transcriptomics data set to date (N=1083).Findings to dateEarly analyses demonstrate adverse associations of prenatal exposure to air pollution, phthalates and maternal stress with early childhood airway outcomes and neurodevelopment. Placental transcriptomics work suggests that phthalate exposure alters placental gene expression, pointing to mechanistic pathways for the developmental toxicity of phthalates. We also observe associations between prenatal maternal stress and placental corticotropin releasing hormone, a marker of hormonal activation during pregnancy relevant for child health. Other publications describe novel methods for examining exposure mixtures and the development of a national spatiotemporal model of ambient outdoor air pollution.Future plansThe first wave of data from the unified protocol (child age 8–9) is nearly complete. Future work will leverage these data to examine the combined impact of early life social and chemical exposures on middle childhood health outcomes and underlying placental mechanisms.

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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pregnancy and Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Commonly Used in Personal Care Products

Cited by 58 publications

References 118 publications

Exposure to Contemporary and Emerging Chemicals in Commerce among Pregnant Women in the United States: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcome (ECHO) Program

Exposure to Contemporary and Emerging Chemicals in Commerce among Pregnant Women in the United States: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcome (ECHO) Program

Redox Status, Estrogen and Progesterone Production by Swine Granulosa Cells Are Impaired by Triclosan

Cohort profile: the ECHO prenatal and early childhood pathways to health consortium (ECHO-PATHWAYS)

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