Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Men's Health

Brown, Tyson H.; Hargrove, Taylor W.

doi:10.1097/fch.0000000000000080

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…With regard to experiences of major stress, Black men who reported higher experiences of lifetime major stress had a higher risk of everyday marijuana use. It is possible that these men may have used marijuana to cope with structural inequalities that they face in society (Brown, Hargrove, & Griffith, 2015; Williams, 2003; Xanthos, Treadwell, & Holden, 2010). Future studies should further examine this association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Marijuana Usage and Discrimination Among Adult Black Men

et al. 2016

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Black men may use marijuana as an externalizing coping mechanism to handle the chronic stress of discrimination. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between everyday and major discrimination and marijuana use among a national sample of Black men. Using the National Survey of American Life, logistic regression analyses was used to determine the association between recent marijuana use and everyday discrimination, major discrimination, and a fully adjusted model that include everyday and major discrimination among adult Black men ( n = 1,833). Additionally, a multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between the frequency of marijuana usage and everyday discrimination and major discrimination among men who used marijuana in the past year. Everyday discrimination was not associated with marijuana use. In the fully adjusted model, men who experienced major discrimination had a higher odds of marijuana use ( OR: 1.19, 95% CI [1.05, 1.34]), than those who did not control for everyday discrimination and covariates of interest. Among recent marijuana users, men who used almost every day had a decreased risks for major discrimination (RRR: 0.72, 95% CI [0.56, 0.92]), compared with men who used less than once a month. The findings suggest that recent marijuana use among Black men is associated with experiences of major discrimination. Interestingly, men who used almost every day had a decreased risk for major discrimination. Marijuana may be used as a coping mechanism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Marijuana Usage and Discrimination Among Adult Black Men

et al. 2016

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“…Scholars have documented that experiences related to racism affect a broad range of health outcomes, including mental health [36][37][38][39], self-reported health [40] sleep [33,41], cardiovascular disease [42] and more. Furthermore, while upwardly mobile African Americans may have greater SES, relative to Black Americans in their networks of origin, there are still tremendous racial gaps in income and wealth which likely contribute to the poorer health observed among African Americans [8,[43][44][45].…”

Section: Chronic Stress and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Price of the Ticket: Health Costs of Upward Mobility among African Americans

Hudson

Sacks

Irani

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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There is a growing literature that has documented diminishing health returns on upward social mobility among Black Americans. Due to historical policies and practices, upward social mobility is often an arduous, isolating process for Black Americans, especially as they navigate predominately white educational and workplace settings. This paper advances the literature in several meaningful and innovative ways. The goal of this paper is to provide a qualitative account of the health costs of upward social mobility and describe how these costs could diminish health returns despite greater levels of socioeconomic resources. Focus groups and surveys were the data collection methods for the study. Inclusion criteria for the study were that respondents identified as African American or Black, were 24 years or older and had completed college. The total sample was 32 college-educated Black men (n = 12) and women (n = 20). The mean age for men was 39 (range = 26–50) and 33 years of age (range = 24–59) for women. Key findings highlighted in this paper include (1) hypervisibility and subsequent vigilance; (2) uplift stress; and (3) health costs associated with social mobility. The sum of these stressors is posited to affect multiple health outcomes and elucidate the mechanisms through which socioeconomic returns on health are diminished.

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“…1,2 Clearly, shortened life-expectancy among African-American men is a consequence of interconnected biological, economic, and sociostructural factors. [2][3][4][5][6] Such factors include high morbidity and mortality from diseases amenable to early treatment and intervention (e.g., cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes), diminished access to opportunities for upward social mobility, and welldocumented experiences of structural racism (e.g., increased likelihood of police killings and death). 1,2,[7][8][9][10][11] Coincident with these factors are data affirming African-American men's more limited receipt of timely preventive health screenings and medical treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Mistrust, Racism, and Delays in Preventive Health Screening Among African-American Men

Hammond

Richmond

Mohottige

et al. 2019

Behavioral Medicine

189

130

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The contribution of medical mistrust to healthcare utilization delays has gained increased public health attention. However, few studies examine these associations among African-American men, who delay preventive healthcare more often and report higher levels of medical mistrust than non-Hispanic White men. Additionally, studies rarely account for other factors reportedly working in tandem with medical mistrust to increase African-American men's preventive health screening delays (i.e., everyday racism and perceived racism in healthcare). We examined associations between medical mistrust, perceived racism in healthcare, everyday racism, and preventive health screening delays. Analyses were conducted using cross-sectional data from 610 African-American men aged 20 years and older recruited primarily from barbershops in four US regions (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009). Independent variables were medical mistrust (MM), everyday racism (ER), and perceived racism in healthcare (PRH). Dependent variables were self-reported routine checkup, blood pressure screening, and cholesterol screening delays. Using multiple logistic regression and tests for mediation, we calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to assess associations between the independent and dependent variables. After final adjustment, African-American men with higher MM were significantly more likely to delay blood pressure screenings. Men with more frequent ER exposure were significantly more likely to delay routine checkups and blood pressure screenings. Higher levels of PRH were associated with a significant increased likelihood of delaying cholesterol screening. MM did not mediate associations between ER and screening delays. Increasing preventive health screening among African-American men requires addressing medical mistrust and racism in and outside healthcare institutions.

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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Men's Health

Cited by 24 publications

References 60 publications

The Association Between Marijuana Usage and Discrimination Among Adult Black Men

The Association Between Marijuana Usage and Discrimination Among Adult Black Men

The Price of the Ticket: Health Costs of Upward Mobility among African Americans

Medical Mistrust, Racism, and Delays in Preventive Health Screening Among African-American Men

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