Racial Discrimination and Health Outcomes Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities: A Meta‐Analytic Review

Carter, Robert T.; Lau, Michael Y.; Johnson, Veronica E.; Kirkinis, Katherine

doi:10.1002/jmcd.12076

Cited by 215 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Across diverse ethnic populations, positive associations were found between ethnic discrimination and emotional distress, as well as inverse associations with positive markers of well‐being, such as self‐esteem and self‐efficacy . Several recent reviews continue to document an inverse association between discrimination and good mental health . For example, a 2014 review reported the results of two meta‐analyses focused on the association between discrimination and well‐being .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding how discrimination can affect health

Williams

Lawrence

Davis

et al. 2019

Health Services Research

485

398

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Background To provide an overview of the empirical research linking self‐reports of racial discrimination to health status and health service utilization. Methods A review of literature reviews and meta‐analyses published from January 2013 to 2019 was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, and Web of Science. Articles were considered for inclusion using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Results Twenty‐nine studies met the criteria for review. Both domestic and international studies find that experiences of discrimination reported by adults are adversely related to mental health and indicators of physical health, including preclinical indicators of disease, health behaviors, utilization of care, and adherence to medical regimens. Emerging evidence also suggests that discrimination can affect the health of children and adolescents and that at least some of its adverse effects may be ameliorated by the presence of psychosocial resources. Conclusions Increasing evidence indicates that racial discrimination is an emerging risk factor for disease and a contributor to racial disparities in health. Attention is needed to strengthen research gaps and to advance our understanding of the optimal interventions that can reduce the negative effects of discrimination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding how discrimination can affect health

Williams

Lawrence

Davis

et al. 2019

Health Services Research

485

398

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Database selection is consistent with previous reviews of racial discrimination and health outcomes [29][30][31]. Searches were conducted during August to September 2017 with the PubMed and PsychINFO online databases using the following search terms: (racial discrimination, racism, OR, prejudice) AND (Black or African-American) AND alcohol.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial discrimination and alcohol use and negative drinking consequences among Black Americans: a meta‐analytical review

2019

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Background and Aims Findings of the association between racial discrimination and alcohol use and related consequences are inconsistent, and the role of potential moderators in the association is largely unknown. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the discrimination-alcohol literature among Black Americans, estimate the magnitude of associations and explore differences as a function of sample characteristics. Methods Empirical studies reporting the association of racial discrimination with alcohol-related behaviors in an all-black sample were identified via systematic literature search. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using 33 effect sizes extracted from 27 studies, all of which used US samples (n = 26 894). Results Significant positive associations were found for racial discrimination with alcohol consumption [k = 9, confidence interval (CI) = 0.08, 0.17, I 2 = 49%, r = 0.12], heavy/binge drinking (k = 12, CI = 0.02, 0.10), I 2 = 27%, r = 0.06), at-risk drinking (k = 4, CI = 0.06, 0.23, I 2 = 0%, r = 0.14) and negative drinking consequences (k = 5, CI = 0.09, 0.25, I 2 = 94%, r = 0.25), but not with alcohol use disorder (k = 3, CI = À0.01, 0.20, I 2 = 90%, r = 0.10). Only alcohol consumption and negative drinking consequences showed significant between-study heterogeneity and had a sufficient quantity of studies for moderation analysis (i.e., 4 or more studies). The positive association of racial discrimination with negative drinking consequences was stronger among younger samples; the association with alcohol consumption did not differ by age or proportion of men. Conclusions Experiences of racial discrimination are associated with diverse alcohol-related behaviors among Black Americans, with a stronger association with problematic alcohol use, particularly among younger individuals.

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“…Discrimination is the act of denying individuals equal treatment on the basis of group membership (Allport, 1954); racial discrimination refers to unfair treatment of persons or groups due to race or ethnicity (Pager & Shepherd, 2008). This form of discrimination has attracted close attention across domains including mental and physical health (Carter, Lau, Johnson, & Kirkinis, 2017), personality and social psychology (Sellers & Shelton, 2003), workplace behaviour (Triana, Jayasinghe, & Pieper, 2015), politics (Peffley, Hurwitz, & Mondak, 2017), criminology (Unnever, Cullen, & Barnes, 2017), and law (Wintemute, 2017). Scholars have examined the antecedents and consequences of racial discrimination from multiple perspectives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%