Racial discrimination and health: A systematic review of scales with a focus on their psychometric properties

Bastos, João Luiz; Celeste, Roger Keller; Faerstein, Eduardo; Barros, Aluísio J D

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.12.020

Cited by 171 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

173

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…To our knowledge, 3 previous instruments were developed exclusively in the U.S., with the exception of the Measure of Indigenous Racism Experiences, developed by Paradies & Cunningham in Australia. 20 Context specifi cities must be taken into consideration since Brazilian social relations are rather different to the U.S.'s, even more so if racial issues are considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A systematic review of instruments assessing racial discrimination 3 found no widely employed instrument RESUMO OBJETIVO: Desenvolver instrumento para avaliar os efeitos de experiências discriminatórias sobre condições e comportamentos em saúde, capaz de distinguir efeitos patológicos da exposição a tratamentos diferenciais de sua interpretação como eventos discriminatórios.…”

unclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Explicit discrimination and health: development and psychometric properties of an assessment instrument

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE:To develop an instrument to assess discrimination effects on health outcomes and behaviors, capable of distinguishing harmful differential treatment effects from their interpretation as discriminatory events. METHODS:Successive versions of an instrument were developed based on a systematic review of instruments assessing racial discrimination, focus groups and review by a panel comprising seven experts. The instrument was refi ned using cognitive interviews and pilot-testing. The fi nal version of the instrument was administered to 424 undergraduate college students in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, in 2010. Structural dimensionality, two types of reliability and construct validity were analyzed. RESULTS:Exploratory factor analysis corroborated the hypothesis of the instrument's unidimensionality, and seven experts verified its face and content validity. The internal consistency was 0.8, and test-retest reliability was higher than 0.5 for 14 out of 18 items. The overall score was higher among socially disadvantaged individuals and correlated with adverse health behaviors/conditions, particularly when differential treatments were attributed to discrimination. CONCLUSIONS:These fi ndings indicate the validity and reliability of the instrument developed. The proposed instrument enables the investigation of novel aspects of the relationship between discrimination and health. DESCRIPTORS:Prejudice. Interpersonal Relations. Socioeconomic Factors. Health Inequalities. Explicit discrimination and health Bastos JL et alThe discrimination construct is closely related to the idea of injustice and, as such, has been conceptualized as the "process by which a member, or members, of a socially defi ned group is, or are, treated differently (especially unfairly) because of his/ her/ their membership of that group." 15 It has been studied worldwide in several fi elds of knowledge, such as anthropology, epidemiology, sociology and psychology, with extensive literature documenting important discrimination effects on people's daily lives. For instance, discrimination has been associated with negative health outcomes, 25 diffi cult access to the labor market, 6 and residential segregation. 25 Disc riminatory practices may be based on characteristics such as gender, age, physical appearance, race, ethnicity, social class, and other socially ascribed or acquired characteristics. These multiple types of discrimination may also be combined and experienced all at once by their victims. 4 Yet, discriminatory practices and their behavioral and cognitive responses may vary depending on the social context and historical time period.A systematic review of instruments assessing racial discrimination 3 found no widely employed instrument RESUMO OBJETIVO: Desenvolver instrumento para avaliar os efeitos de experiências discriminatórias sobre condições e comportamentos em saúde, capaz de distinguir efeitos patológicos da exposição a tratamentos diferenciais de sua interpretação como eventos discriminatórios. MÉ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

unclassified

Explicit discrimination and health: development and psychometric properties of an assessment instrument

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, several reviews and studies have suggested that many existing measures may not capture the experiences of diverse ethnic/racial groups (e.g. Bastos, Celeste, Faerstein, & Barros, 2010;Shariff-Marco et al, 2011). Therefore, as per Bastos et al (2010), a three-step approach was applied to develop the 12-item perceived racial/ethnic questionnaire.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and psychological outcomes among adult international adoptees in Finland: Moderating effects of social support and sense of coherence.

Koskinen

Elovainio

Raaska

et al. 2015

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Quantitative literature on international adoptees and racial/ethnic discrimination is lacking despite results in qualitative studies from Europe and the United States that have consistently indicated how racism constantly complicates adoptees' everyday lives. To advance the literature, the present study examined the prevalence of perceived racial/ethnic discrimination among 213 adult international adoptees in Finland (59.6% women and 40.4% men, mean age 24.1 years), and the association between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and psychological well-being indicators, including psychological distress and sleeping problems.In addition, we examined social support and sense of coherence as moderators of the association between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and psychological well-being. Our results showed that on average adult international adoptees perceived racial/ethnic discrimination occasionally. Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated a significant association between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and psychological distress and sleeping problems. Additionally, a significant two-way interaction of perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and social support indicated that the availability of social support may moderate the association between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and psychological distress such that adoptees with high levels of social support may be protected from the Running head: PERCEIVED RACIAL/ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION 3 harmful effects of discrimination. These results highlight the meaning of social support in reducing the harmful effects of racial/ethnic discrimination on international adoptees.Finland is a Scandinavian state with one of the world's most comprehensive welfare systems, a high-quality education system, gender equality and human rights. Compared with other Nordic and most European countries, the number of people with a foreign background is still small in Finland. In 2011, the number of people of foreign origin was 257,000, about 5% of the total population of 5.4 million. By continent, 59% of all people with a foreign background were of European origin, 23% were of Asian origin, and 12% were of African

show abstract

“…However, psychosocial and contextual factors also seem to contribute to differences in the prevalence of hypertension among blacks, "pardos" and whites in Brazil, and among blacks and whites in the United States. In this regard, stress is central to etiological research 11,12,13 , especially chronic stress and the discrimination that has been signaled as one of its key components 11,14,15,16 . However, results of prior studies, which are concentrated in the United States, are not consistent regarding the existence of an association between racial discrimination and hypertension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brazilian studies of racial health inequalities and the association between perceived racial discrimination and health outcomes are quite scarce 3,5,14,28,29 . As far as we could determine, the only study published on the subject 3 was based on too small a number of participants to investigate possible differences between "pardos" and blacks for the strength of the association between racial discrimination and hypertension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between perceived racial discrimination and hypertension: findings from the ELSA-Brasil study

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Racial discrimination and health: A systematic review of scales with a focus on their psychometric properties

Cited by 171 publications

References 52 publications

Explicit discrimination and health: development and psychometric properties of an assessment instrument

Explicit discrimination and health: development and psychometric properties of an assessment instrument

Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and psychological outcomes among adult international adoptees in Finland: Moderating effects of social support and sense of coherence.

Association between perceived racial discrimination and hypertension: findings from the ELSA-Brasil study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About