Racial Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms among Latina/o College Students: The Role of Racism-Related Vigilance and Sleep

Pichardo, Catherine M.; Molina, Kristine M.; Rosas, Carlos E.; Uriostegui, Marbella; Sánchez-Johnsen, Lisa

doi:10.1007/s12552-020-09304-1

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…[20,58] Results from our study are consistent with research conducted in the United States with Latinx college students (N=194 aged 13-34 years) whereby racism related vigilance was correlated with an increase in depressive symptoms. [24] Zimmerman and Miller-Smith (2021)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23 p.101] A chronic state of heightened vigilance can have detrimental effects on health and health disparities, including increased risk for mental health problems such as depression and stressrelated problems. [23,24] Empirical evidence documents associations between race related vigilance and increased stress, cardiovascular stress responses, poor psychological health, and poor sleep among adults. [23][24][25][26][27][28] There is also some suggestion that race related vigilance may increase the risk for cardiovascular problems with evidence of increased arterial elasticity in African-American boys.…”

Section: Empirical Work On Racism and Health Has Primarily Focused On...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23,24] Empirical evidence documents associations between race related vigilance and increased stress, cardiovascular stress responses, poor psychological health, and poor sleep among adults. [23][24][25][26][27][28] There is also some suggestion that race related vigilance may increase the risk for cardiovascular problems with evidence of increased arterial elasticity in African-American boys. [29] Further empirical research is required to better understand experiences of heightened race related vigilance and associated health impacts, particularly in younger racialised populations.…”

Section: Empirical Work On Racism and Health Has Primarily Focused On...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of racism and discrimination on mental health problems among young people in Victoria, Australia during COVID-19 lockdown

Doery¹,

Jones²,

O’Connor³

et al. 2022

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Racism and discrimination are fundamental determinants of health inequities, with children and young people particularly vulnerable. Reports of racism and discrimination rose sharply in 2020 along with the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. We examined racism, discrimination (e.g. direct, vicarious, heightened vigilance, and worries about experiencing racial discrimination), COVID-19 pandemic related stressors (e.g. access to support services, changes to personal relationships, and financial hardship) and their associations with mental health problems (e.g. worry, lack of concentration, and irritability) using a series of linear regression models in young people during the Australian national COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020. Data was collected using the Racism During COVID-19 survey, a community-based, cross-sectional online survey. 363 young people aged 16-24 living in Victoria, Australia were included in our analysis, 45.4% self-identified as being from a multicultural background and 3.7% as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. 73.7% reported direct discrimination, 88.9% reported vicarious discrimination, 84.3% reported heightened vigilance and, 62.8% reported worries about experiencing racial discrimination. Half (51.3%) the participants experienced one or two COVID-19 related stressors and one third (34.2%) experienced three or more. Almost all (91.9%) reported high levels for two or more negative mental health problems. Experiences of direct discrimination, vicarious racism, heightened vigilance, worries about experiencing racial discrimination, and multiple COVID-19 related stressors (3+) were each associated with negative mental health problems, after adjusting for ethnicity, age and gender and socio-economic position. Addressing racism and discrimination is critical to addressing social determinants of health for young people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Work On Racism and Health Has Primarily Focused On...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Work On Racism and Health Has Primarily Focused On...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of racism and discrimination on mental health problems among young people in Victoria, Australia during COVID-19 lockdown

Doery¹,

Jones²,

O’Connor³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Hypervigilance has been implicated in the etiology of various internalizing disorders among young adults generally (e.g., anxiety, depression; Bar-Haim et al, 2007;Kimble et al, 2014). Increasingly, scholarship also identifies hypervigilance as a key mechanism through which stigma, such as interpersonal experiences of racial discrimination, contributes to mental health adversity in racial/ethnic minority populations (Chae et al, 2021;Doery et al, 2022;Pichardo et al, 2021). This empirical work with people of Color demonstrates that hypervigilance among the stigmatized results from persistent stigma exposure (e.g., racial discrimination) and is characterized by exaggerated attending, alerting, and/or responding to social contexts where stigma is present or anticipated (Himmelstein et al, 2015).…”

Section: Stigma and Internalizing Psychopathology Among Sexual Minori...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypervigilance: An Understudied Mediator of the Longitudinal Relationship Between Stigma and Internalizing Psychopathology Among Sexual Minority Young Adults

Hollinsaid¹,

Pachankis²,

Bränström³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Hypervigilance is often theoretically invoked as a psychological mechanism linking stigma to sexual minority young adults’ elevated risk for internalizing psychopathology. Yet, within sexual minority mental health research, hypervigilance is rarely explicitly assessed but instead commonly conflated with putatively related constructs, such as sexual orientation-related rejection sensitivity and rumination. This lack of measurement consistency and construct clarity has stymied the empirical study of hypervigilance among sexual minorities, hindering conceptual and mechanistic understandings of this psychological process. To clarify this construct, we embedded a recently developed hypervigilance measure within a longitudinal, population-based study of N=811 Swedish sexual minority young adults (ages 17–34). Relatively small correlations of hypervigilance with sexual orientation-related rejection sensitivity (r=0.23) and rumination (r=0.24) suggested that hypervigilance represents a largely discrete construct. In parallel meditation models, hypervigilance—but not sexual orientation-related rejection sensitivity or rumination—mediated prospective associations between perceived discrimination and anxiety and depression symptoms two years later, explaining up to 40% of these effects when controlling for demographics and initial symptoms. Serial mediation models demonstrated that sexual orientation-related rejection sensitivity and rumination prospectively predicted hypervigilance on these longitudinal paths. Supplemental models using an alternative stigma measure, sexual orientation-related victimization, provided converging support for these mediation patterns. Findings indicate that hypervigilance may represent a distinct transdiagnostic mechanism through which stigma-related experiences and processes undermine sexual minority mental health. We discuss implications for enhancing psychological interventions by explicitly addressing hypervigilance among sexual minority young adults.

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“…Research in psychology and organizational behavior demonstrates how the quality of these seemingly small interactions shapes youth and adult wellbeing (Dimotakis et al, 2011;Frederickson, 2000), with patterns of discriminatory, competitive and supportive interactions bearing strong relationships with subjective wellbeing and mental health outcomes (Posselt and Lipson, 2016;Araújo and Borrell, 2006;Finch et al, 2000;Mays and Cochran, 2001). There is rising concern about racial discrimination's effects on mental health, both within societies (Elias and Paradies, 2016;Wallace et al, 2016), and in higher education (Hudson et al, 2016;Pichardo et al, 2020) as well as a specific need for knowledge about graduate student mental health (Muller, 2014;Tsipursky, 2015). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to offer the first large-scale analysis of prevalence and risk factors for depression and anxiety, with special attention to the roles of interpersonal factors and how they interact.…”

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confidence: 99%

Discrimination, competitiveness, and support in US graduate student mental health

Posselt

2021

SGPE

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Purpose Rising rates of anxiety and depression and the varied costs of these conditions indicate a clear need to create learning environments in which graduate and professional students can more readily thrive. However, the absence of multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary evidence about mental health in graduate education has obscured a clear picture of which populations, contexts and social dynamics merit focused attention and resources. The purpose of this study is therefore to analyze prevalence and risk factors associated with anxiety and depression among a large sample of graduate students, with special attention to how graduate education environments and interactions may be associated with mental health. Design/methodology/approach This paper offers the first multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary analysis of depression and anxiety among US graduate and professional students. Using a sample of 20,888 students randomly sampled within 69 universities, the author compares depression and anxiety prevalence among fields of study with hierarchical cluster modeling. Then, using a conceptual framework that links social support, role strain and self-determination theories, the author estimates fixed effects multivariate logistic regressions to measure how depression and anxiety are associated with experiencing racial discrimination, support from friends and family, perceived competitiveness in one’s classes, and comfort speaking with one’s professors about mental health. Findings Graduate students who endure frequent racial discrimination have odds of screening positive for depression and anxiety that are 2.3 and 3.0 times higher, respectively, than those who never experience discrimination. Support from family and friends moderates these relationships and perceived competitiveness exacerbates them. LGBTQ students and students who self-report that finances are a struggle or tight also have higher odds of depression and anxiety. Students in the humanities, arts and architecture have significantly higher prevalence of depression and anxiety than the sample as a whole. Originality/value The paper offers broadest base of evidence to date about patterns that are usually experienced at the individual level or analyzed institution-by-institution and field-by-field. Specifically, the author identified social dynamics, fields of study and populations where attention to wellbeing may be especially warranted. The conceptual framework and multivariate results clarify how organizational and individual factors in graduate students’ mental health may be intertwined through competitive, discriminatory, or supportive interactions with peers, faculty, family and friends. Findings clarify a need for awareness of the contexts and interactions that graduate students experience as well as individual factors that are associated with student wellbeing.

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Racial Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms among Latina/o College Students: The Role of Racism-Related Vigilance and Sleep

Cited by 31 publications

References 109 publications

Effects of racism and discrimination on mental health problems among young people in Victoria, Australia during COVID-19 lockdown

Effects of racism and discrimination on mental health problems among young people in Victoria, Australia during COVID-19 lockdown

Hypervigilance: An Understudied Mediator of the Longitudinal Relationship Between Stigma and Internalizing Psychopathology Among Sexual Minority Young Adults

Discrimination, competitiveness, and support in US graduate student mental health

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